Comments on an article by R. Bettle and A. G. Rosati (see record 2022-45647-001). The testing of subjects' abilities to follow human eye gaze has been particularly well studied in nonhuman primates, and this is the question addressed by the Featured Article for this issue by Bettle and Rosati. As described in Bettle and Rosati, he competition hypothesis, stemming from the Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis, predicts that species that are more competitive and aggressive will exhibit greater ability to use cues like eye gaze. The tolerance hypothesis, conversely, predicts that species that are more tolerant and affiliative will exhibit greater ability to use these cues. Bettle and Rosati tested Barbary macaques with identical methods. Compared to rhesus macaques, Barbary macaques are relatively tolerant and highly affiliative. Importantly, the authors coded the video-recorded data blind and with high interobserver reliability. The authors found that Barbary macaques were also able to follow human eye gaze: Although roughly half the individuals looked up and followed human's eye gaze in the no barrier condition, only a third looked up in the barrier condition where they could not see what the human was looking at by doing so. These results were quite comparable to the earlier study conducted with rhesus macaques, suggesting that tolerant and less competitive species actually show similar skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

测试猕猴社会容忍度在跟随人眼注视能力中的作用。

评论 R. Bettle 和 AG Rosati 的文章（见记录 2022-45647-001）。在非人类灵长类动物中对受试者跟随人眼注视能力的测试进行了特别深入的研究，这是 Bettle 和 Rosati 的专题文章针对此问题提出的问题。正如在 Bettle 和 Rosati 中所描述的，源自马基雅维利智力假说的竞争假设预测，更具竞争性和攻击性的物种将表现出更强的使用眼神等线索的能力。相反，耐受性假设预测，更宽容和更亲近的物种将表现出更大的使用这些线索的能力。Bettle 和 Rosati 用相同的方法测试了巴巴里猕猴。与恒河猴相比，巴巴里猕猴相对宽容和高度亲和。重要的，作者对视频记录的数据进行了盲编码，并且具有很高的观察者间可靠性。作者发现巴巴里猕猴也能够跟随人眼注视：虽然大约一半的人在无障碍条件下抬头并跟随人眼注视，但只有三分之一的人在看不到人眼的障碍条件下抬头正在看着这样做。这些结果与早期对恒河猴进行的研究非常相似，这表明耐受性和竞争力较弱的物种实际上表现出相似的技能。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。虽然大约有一半的人在无屏障状态下抬头跟随人类的视线，但只有三分之一的人在屏障状态下抬起头，无法看到人类在看什么。这些结果与早期对恒河猴进行的研究非常相似，这表明耐受性和竞争力较弱的物种实际上表现出相似的技能。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。虽然大约有一半的人在无屏障状态下抬头跟随人类的视线，但只有三分之一的人在屏障状态下抬起头，无法看到人类在看什么。这些结果与早期对恒河猴进行的研究非常相似，这表明耐受性和竞争力较弱的物种实际上表现出相似的技能。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。