Whether the justification at stake is ethical or juridical, all attempts to argue for the welfare principle in Kant’s metaphysics of morals are unsuccessful. This principle cannot be justified a priori in Kant’s context. However, it is not only possible but also necessary to argue for a certain degree of social welfare in politics as the practice of right; otherwise, Kant’s project of political practice, with enlightenment as its core concept, will inevitably fail. Enlightenment requires that the state be committed to reducing the impact of an unequal social structure on individuals so as to preserve the possibility of their enlightenment. However, it also imposes limits on state-sponsored social welfare because excessive social welfare could lead to a general minority.

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康德对社会福利的政治辩护

无论是伦理上的还是法律上的辩护，所有在康德的道德形而上学中为福利原则辩护的尝试都是不成功的。在康德的语境中，这个原则不能被先验地证明。但是，在政治上主张一定程度的社会福利作为权利的实践，不仅是可能的，而且是必要的；否则，康德以启蒙为核心理念的政治实践计划必然会失败。启蒙运动要求国家致力于减少不平等的社会结构对个人的影响，以保持他们启蒙运动的可能性。然而，它也对国家资助的社会福利施加了限制，因为过度的社会福利可能导致普遍少数。