Based on the examination of type and recently collected specimens, Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler is resurrected from the synonymy of M. intermedia and redescribed as a valid species. Moenkhausia madeirae can be diagnosed from all congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of two symmetrical dark blotches on caudal fin (one on each lobe), a conspicuous humeral blotch, 18-22 branched anal-fin rays, and mature males with two (rarely three) well-developed hooks on the last simple and first branched anal-fin rays, respectively. The species occurs in the middle and upper rio Madeira basin in Brazil and Bolivia. Comparisons are made with the other species of Moenkhausia presenting symmetrical dark blotches on the caudal-fin lobes, i.e., M. barbouri, M. bonita, M. dichroura, and M. intermedia.

中文翻译：

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巴西和玻利维亚里约马德拉盆地的 Moenkhausia madeirae Fowler 的重新验证和重新描述（Characiformes：Characidae）

基于对类型和最近收集的标本的检查，Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler 从 M. intermedia 的同义词中复活并重新描述为有效物种。Moenkhausia madeirae 可以通过以下特征组合从所有同类中诊断：尾鳍上有两个对称的黑色斑点（每个叶上有一个），一个明显的肱骨斑点，18-22 条分支的肛鳍条，成熟的雄性有两个（很少三个）分别在最后一个简单的和第一个分支的肛鳍射线上发育良好的钩子。该物种出现在巴西和玻利维亚的里约马德拉盆地中上游。与在尾鳍裂片上呈现对称黑色斑点的其他 Moenkhausia 物种进行比较，即 M. barbouri、M. bonita、M. dichroura 和 M. intermedia。