Abstract—

The review summarizes literature data on molecular and biochemical mechanisms of nonspecific protection of respiratory epithelium. The special attention is paid to comprehensive analysis of up-to-date data on the activity of the lactoperoxidase system expressed on the surface of the respiratory epithelium which provides the generation of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite in the presence of locally produced or inhaled hydrogen peroxide. Molecular mechanisms of production of active compounds with antiviral and antibacterial effects, expression profiles of enzymes, transporters and ion channels involved in the generation of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodite in the mucous membrane of the respiratory system in physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation) are discussed. A hypothesis about the effect of atmospheric air composition on the efficiency of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite generation in the respiratory epithelium in the context of its antibacterial and antiviral protection is presented. The causes and consequences of insufficiency of the lactoperoxidase system caused by the action of atmospheric factors are discussed in the context of controlling the sensitivity of the epithelium to the action of bacterial agents and viruses. Good evidence exists that restoration of the lactoperoxidase system activity can be achieved by application of pharmacological agents aimed to compensate for the deficit of halides in tissues, and by the control of chemical composition of the inhaled air.

中文翻译：

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大气活性氧种类和呼吸道上皮抗病毒保护的一些方面

摘要——

该综述总结了有关呼吸道上皮细胞非特异性保护的分子和生化机制的文献资料。特别注意对呼吸上皮细胞表面表达的乳过氧化物酶系统活性的最新数据进行综合分析，该系统在局部产生或吸入过氧化氢的情况下产生次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐。讨论了产生具有抗病毒和抗菌作用的活性化合物的分子机制，以及在生理和病理条件（炎症）下呼吸系统粘膜中次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐的产生所涉及的酶、转运蛋白和离子通道的表达谱。提出了一个假设，即在其抗菌和抗病毒保护的背景下，大气成分对呼吸道上皮中次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐生成效率的影响。在控制上皮对细菌因子和病毒作用的敏感性的背景下，讨论了由大气因素作用引起的乳过氧化物酶系统不足的原因和后果。有充分的证据表明，乳过氧化物酶系统活性的恢复可以通过应用旨在补偿组织中卤化物不足的药物以及通过控制吸入空气的化学成分来实现。