Indigenous children are overrepresented in child protection systems in the United States and to an even greater degree in Canada. Canada has recently passed federal child welfare legislation, Bill C-92, with the goal of affirming the rights of Indigenous Peoples and establishing guidelines with respect to child and family services for Indigenous children. The aim of this article is to contribute to ongoing discussions about the recently passed Canadian legislation, drawing on lessons learned in the United States context. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), passed in the United States in 1978, has created a legislative paradigm, which in some cases has been bolstered by state-level provisions. The ICWA can provide helpful lessons to consider in Canada as the new legislation is implemented and amended over time. Specifically, we examine elements of the ICWA related to accessibility and compliance with the law, along with deeper analysis of state-level statutes related to adoption provisions in light of the phenomenon of transracial adoption of Indigenous children. As reactions to the Canadian federal law have been mixed, this policy analysis may be supportive of conversations regarding its further development, particularly related to funding and enforcement. On a broader level, considerations of Indigenous community jurisdiction over child and family policies within our discussion are relevant to various settler-colonial contexts.

中文翻译：

---

将美国印第安儿童福利法的经验教训应用于加拿大最近通过的联邦儿童保护立法

在美国，土著儿童在儿童保护系统中的比例过高，在加拿大的比例更高。加拿大最近通过了联邦儿童福利立法，即 C-92 法案，旨在确认土著人民的权利并制定有关土著儿童的儿童和家庭服务的指导方针。本文的目的是借鉴美国背景下的经验教训，为关于最近通过的加拿大立法的持续讨论做出贡献。1978 年在美国通过的《印度儿童福利法》（ICWA）创造了一种立法范式，在某些情况下得到了州级规定的支持。随着新立法的实施和修订，ICWA 可以为加拿大提供有益的经验教训。具体来说，我们审查了 ICWA 中与可及性和遵守法律有关的要素，并根据土著儿童的跨种族收养现象对与收养规定相关的州级法规进行了更深入的分析。由于对加拿大联邦法律的反应不一，该政策分析可能会支持有关其进一步发展的对话，特别是与资金和执法有关的对话。在更广泛的层面上，我们讨论中对土著社区对儿童和家庭政策的管辖权的考虑与各种定居者殖民背景有关。由于对加拿大联邦法律的反应不一，该政策分析可能会支持有关其进一步发展的对话，特别是与资金和执法有关的对话。在更广泛的层面上，我们讨论中对土著社区对儿童和家庭政策的管辖权的考虑与各种定居者殖民背景有关。由于对加拿大联邦法律的反应不一，该政策分析可能会支持有关其进一步发展的对话，特别是与资金和执法有关的对话。在更广泛的层面上，我们讨论中对土著社区对儿童和家庭政策的管辖权的考虑与各种定居者殖民背景有关。