ABSTRACT

This study is conducted to decompose inequality in four important micronutrient intakes, i.e. calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc due to socioeconomic factors during 2006–2016. For this purpose, data were taken from national-level surveys, i.e. HIES-2006 and HIICS-2016. We applied a recently proposed decomposition method based on copula function to decompose between year changes in the consumption of micronutrients into structure and composition effect. The results show that average calcium and iron intakes increased by 518.54 (mg) and 0.962 (mg), respectively, while average iodine and zinc intakes decreased by 2.009 (mg) and 3.411 (mg), respectively, during the decade. Estimates of structure effect show that calcium, iodine, and iron consumption increased on average, i.e. 525.316 (mg), 14.615 (mg), and 2.15 (mg), respectively, while zinc intake decreased by 2.735 (mg). The composition effect is negative for all the four micronutrients, implying that consumption of calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc decreased as 6.7766 (mg), 16.624 (mg), 1.189 (mg), and 0.677 (mg), respectively. The main factors of this change are household income, urbanization, provinces, and household size. The policymakers need to know the importance of socioeconomic factors to improve hidden hunger in terms of micronutrient intakes.

摘要

本研究旨在分解 2006 年至 2016 年期间由于社会经济因素导致的钙、碘、铁和锌四种重要微量营养素摄入量的不平等。为此，数据取自国家级调查，即 HIES-2006 和 HIICS-2016。我们应用了最近提出的基于 copula 函数的分解方法，将微量营养素消耗的年份变化分解为结构和组成效应。结果表明，十年间，钙和铁的平均摄入量分别增加了 518.54（毫克）和 0.962（毫克），而碘和锌的平均摄入量分别减少了 2.009（毫克）和 3.411（毫克）。结构效应估计显示，钙、碘和铁的消耗量平均增加，分别为 525.316（mg）、14.615（mg）和 2.15（mg），而锌的摄入量减少了 2.735 (mg)。四种微量营养素的成分效应均为负值，这意味着钙、碘、铁和锌的消耗量分别减少了 6.7766 (mg)、16.624 (mg)、1.189 (mg) 和 0.677 (mg)。这种变化的主要因素是家庭收入、城市化、省份和家庭规模。政策制定者需要了解社会经济因素对改善微量营养素摄入方面隐性饥饿的重要性。