Drought severity has pervasive impacts on honey production via direct impacts on water resources and nectar availability. The current mega-drought in Chile has impacts on water resources and forest vigor, particularly in the Mediterranean and Temperate regions where honey production is concentrated. While honey production plays an important role in the local rural economy and providing pollination services to other agricultural activities, studies of the long-term impacts of the mega-drought on honey production are scarce. Here, we evaluate the impact of climate variability on historical changes in honey production in the Mediterranean (32°S–37°S) and Temperate (37°S–41°S) regions of Chile, using annual honey production records of beekeepers together with national records of honey exports. We also used questionnaires and interviews to evaluate beekeeper perceptions regarding the effects of climate change on honey production and adaptation practices in both regions. Results indicated a declining trend in honey production and exports in the last decade, largely related to changes in precipitation and temperature in both regions. Declines in honey production affected 82% of beekeepers, 80% of whom had employed adaptive measures, and 74% considered that these measures were effective. The drier, warmer Mediterranean region showed more severe declines in precipitation and honey production, which beekeepers reported as a main contributing factor to transhumance from the Mediterranean to the Temperate region. This is the first study to show the effects of drought on honey production in Chile, providing a foundation for future climate change adaptation strategies within apiculture.

中文翻译：

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智利蜂蜜产量下降和养蜂人适应气候变化

干旱严重程度通过对水资源和花蜜供应的直接影响，对蜂蜜生产产生普遍影响。智利目前的特大干旱对水资源和森林活力产生了影响，特别是在蜂蜜生产集中的地中海和温带地区。虽然蜂蜜生产在当地农村经济中发挥着重要作用，并为其他农业活动提供授粉服务，但关于特大干旱对蜂蜜生产的长期影响的研究却很少。在这里，我们使用养蜂人的年度蜂蜜生产记录一起评估气候变化对智利地中海（32°S-37°S）和温带（37°S-41°S）地区蜂蜜生产历史变化的影响有全国蜂蜜出口记录。我们还使用问卷和访谈来评估养蜂人对气候变化对两个地区蜂蜜生产和适应实践的影响的看法。结果表明，过去十年蜂蜜生产和出口呈下降趋势，主要与两个地区的降水和温度变化有关。蜂蜜产量下降影响了 82% 的养蜂人，其中 80% 采取了适应性措施，74% 认为这些措施是有效的。更干燥、更温暖的地中海地区的降水量和蜂蜜产量下降更为严重，养蜂人报告说，这是从地中海向温带地区迁移的主要因素。这是第一项显示干旱对智利蜂蜜生产影响的研究，