Background & aimsThere is increasing recognition of the importance of challenging deficit-focused, medical model approaches to supporting autistic people in daily life, however there is a lack of inclusion of autistic perspectives to inform approaches that may empower autistic people in conversations.MethodsThis multiple case study used a participatory approach to explore the conversation experiences and exchange in dyads of five autistic and five non-autistic adults over four to 12 months. The study was grounded in the perspectives of autistic people through a series of semi-structured interviews, observations, reflective conversations, and diary records.ResultsThe findings focus on autistic participants’ existing knowledge of conversations that they reported could be useful to them, including the communication environment, and type and structure of talk. The study also helped participants to identify and use previously unrecognised metacognitive abilities (what they already knew about conversations) within naturalistic interactive contexts.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel insights as to how the ‘interactional expertise’ of non-autistic people could be strengthened to enable the effective contribution of the voices of autistic people in everyday conversations.ImplicationsThe identification and use of successful conversation strategies identified by autistic adults gave them a greater sense of empowerment within the conversation based on their accounts of their experiences. Understanding these strategies has valuable implications for staff training, for working with families and for learning by autistic adults.

中文翻译：

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自闭症成年人对帮助或阻碍成功对话的策略的看法

背景和目标人们越来越认识到挑战以缺陷为中心的医学模型方法在日常生活中支持自闭症患者的重要性，但是缺乏包含自闭症观点的方法来帮助自闭症患者参与对话。研究采用参与式方法，探索 5 名自闭症成人和 5 名非自闭症成人在 4 至 12 个月内的对话经历和交流。该研究通过一系列半结构化访谈、观察、反思性对话和日记记录，以自闭症患者的观点为基础。结果研究结果重点关注自闭症参与者对他们报告的可能对他们有用的对话的现有知识，包括沟通环境以及谈话的类型和结构。该研究还帮助参与者在自然互动环境中识别和使用以前未被认识的元认知能力（他们已经知道的对话能力）。结论这些发现提供了关于如何加强非自闭症患者的“互动专业知识”以实现自闭症患者的新见解。自闭症患者的声音在日常对话中的有效贡献。含义 自闭症成年人识别和使用成功的对话策略使他们在基于他们对自己经历的描述的对话中获得了更大的赋权感。了解这些策略对于员工培训、与家庭合作以及自闭症成人的学习具有宝贵的意义。