This article briefly traces some general trends defining the existence of handloom weaving industry in United Provinces in the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Handloom industry, in spite of the dislocation through large imports of British cloth, still remained the largest employing sector in this region, after agriculture. Use of machine-made yarn play a part in the survival of the handloom weaver, and there being now escalating competition between Indian and British mill yarn for supplying the local handloom industry. Handspun yarn ultimately became a miniscule part of the yarn market. The article analyses the ways in which the region’s handloom weavers were affected by these changes, by focusing on the shifts towards production of special kinds of cloth and search for investments, raw material and market. Such changes also meant that the previous inter-community forms of dependence tended to be transformed into intra-community forms of exploitation.

中文翻译：

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殖民地联合省的手织布生产：对工业竞争的反应

本文简要追溯了界定 19 世纪末和 20 世纪上半叶美国各省手摇织造业存在的一些总体趋势。尽管因大量进口英国布料而造成混乱，手摇织机行业仍然是该地区仅次于农业的最大就业部门。机器纱线的使用对手摇织机的生存起到了一定的作用，现在印度和英国纺织厂纱线供应当地手摇织机行业的竞争越来越激烈。手纺纱最终成为纱线市场的一小部分。文章分析了该地区的手摇织布工受这些变化影响的方式，重点关注向生产特殊种类布料的转变以及寻找投资、原材料和市场。