The order Onygenales is classified in the class Eurotiomycetes of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Families in this order have classically been isolated from soil and dung, and two lineages contain causative agents of superficial, cutaneous and systemic infections in mammals. The ecology and habitat choices of the species are driven mainly by the keratin and cellulose degradation abilities. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ecological trends of the members of Onygenales can be interpreted in an evolutionary sense, linking phylogenetic parameters with habitat preferences, to achieve polyphasic definitions of the main taxonomic groups. Evolutionary processes were estimated by multiple gene genealogies and divergence time analysis. Previously described families, namely, Arthrodermataceae, Ajellomycetaceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae and Spiromastigoidaceae, were accepted in Onygenales, and two new families, Malbrancheaceae and Neogymnomycetaceae, were introduced. A number of species could not be assigned to any of the defined families. Our study provides a revised overview of the main lines of taxonomy of Onygenales, supported by multilocus analyses of ITS, LSU, TUB, TEF1, TEF3, RPB1, RPB2, and ribosomal protein 60S L10 (L1) (RP60S) sequences, combined with available data on ecology, physiology, morphology, and genomics.

Onygenales目归入Pezizomycotina亚门的Eurotiomycetes纲。这个顺序的家族通常是从土壤和粪便中分离出来的，两个谱系包含哺乳动物表面、皮肤和全身感染的病原体。该物种的生态和栖息地选择主要由角蛋白和纤维素降解能力驱动。本研究旨在调查Onygenales成员的生态趋势是否可以从进化意义上解释，将系统发育参数与栖息地偏好联系起来，以实现主要分类群的多相定义。通过多基因谱系和分歧时间分析估计进化过程。先前描述的科，即节皮科、Ajellomycetaceae、Ascosphaeraceae、Eremascaceae、Gymnoascaceae、Onygenaceae和Spiromastigoidaceae，在Onygenales中被接受，并且两个新科，Mabrancheaceae和Neogymnomycetaceae ，被介绍了。许多物种无法分配到任何已定义的科。我们的研究通过对 ITS、LSU、TUB、TEF1、TEF3、RPB1、RPB2和核糖体蛋白 60S L10 (L1) ( RP60S ) 序列的多位点分析以及现有的生态学、生理学、形态学和基因组学数据。