The global rise of populist campaigns against democratic governments has revived the long-standing scholarly debate on how democracies can best defend themselves against anti-democratic challenges. While some view an aggressive militant democracy approach as the most effective option, others propose accommodation of populist actors and voters. Others again suggest a merging of the two paradigms. This article analyzes how the government of Indonesian President Jokowi has responded to the unprecedented Islamist-populist mobilization in the capital Jakarta in late 2016. Unsystematically mixing elements of all available options, Jokowi’s administration pursued a criminalization strategy against populists that violated established legal norms, and launched vaguely targeted but patronage-oriented accommodation policies. As a result, the government’s attempt to protect the democratic status quo from populist attacks turned into a threat to democracy itself. Indonesian democracy, I argue, is now in a slow but perceptible process of deconsolidation.

中文翻译：

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用非自由主义打击非自由主义：印度尼西亚的伊斯兰民粹主义和民主瓦解

反对民主政府的民粹主义运动在全球兴起，重新引发了关于民主国家如何最好地保护自己免受反民主挑战的长期学术辩论。虽然一些人认为激进的激进民主方法是最有效的选择，但另一些人则建议包容民粹主义演员和选民。其他人再次建议将两种范式合并。本文分析了印度尼西亚总统佐科威政府如何应对 2016 年底在首都雅加达前所未有的伊斯兰民粹主义动员。佐科威政府不系统地混合所有可用选项的要素，对违反既定法律规范的民粹主义者采取刑事定罪战略，以及推出了目标模糊但以惠顾为导向的住宿政策。因此，政府试图保护民主现状免受民粹主义攻击的努力变成了对民主本身的威胁。我认为，印度尼西亚的民主现在正处于一个缓慢但明显的解体过程中。