ABSTRACT Several European countries instituted mining schools in the late 1700s, including France, Germany, Hungary, and Russia. However, since England’s mining industry was privatized with little government involvement, Great Britain was decades behind with the creation of a school of mines. In 1835, Henry De la Beche (1796–1855) became the first director of the Ordnance Geological Survey, precursor to the British Geological Survey. De la Beche used this position to advance geology’s professionalization, which would include the establishment of an applied geology museum, mining records storehouse, and a school of mines. The Museum of Economic Geology, displaying the country’s mineral resources and geology, was De la Beche’s first success. Founded in 1835, it opened to the public in 1841. The Mining Records Office opened in 1840 as a repository for plans of working and abandoned mines. An early public advocate for workers’ safety, De la Beche lobbied for government inspections of collieries, immediate reporting of mining accidents, and proper plans of mines. The School of Mines was De la Beche’s third accomplishment in geology’s professionalization. As an outgrowth of the museum, it was formally opened in 1851 along with the larger Museum of Practical Geology, the Museum of Economic Geology’s successor. De la Beche’s intent for the School of Mines—instruction as a combination of science and practice—seems modern in its approach. In 1843, funding was allocated for lectures on the practical applications of geology, but these were not implemented until the School of Mines opened in 1851. In his effort to educate everyone—from miner to mine owner—De la Beche transcended social boundaries and supported open, public lectures. As a result, some considered him a class traitor. De la Beche used his position to advocate for advancement of the mining industry to include miner safety and public education. Therefore, while the Royal School of Mines emerged later than many of its European counterparts, it was part of a systematic professionalization of geology, coupled with education and a public advocacy for mining participants.

中文翻译：

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皇家矿业学院：HENRY DE LA BECHE 的专业化与公众宣传的融合

摘要 1700 年代后期，包括法国、德国、匈牙利和俄罗斯在内的几个欧洲国家建立了采矿学校。然而，由于英格兰的采矿业在几乎没有政府参与的情况下被私有化，因此英国在建立矿山学校方面落后了几十年。1835 年，Henry De la Beche (1796–1855) 成为英国地质调查局的前身军械地质调查局的第一任主任。De la Beche 利用这一职位推进了地质学的专业化，其中包括建立应用地质博物馆、采矿记录库和矿山学校。展示该国矿产资源和地质情况的经济地质博物馆是 De la Beche 的第一个成功案例。始建于 1835 年，1841 年向公众开放。采矿记录办公室于 1840 年开放，作为工作和废弃矿山计划的存储库。作为工人安全的早期公众倡导者，De la Beche 游说政府检查煤矿、立即报告采矿事故以及制定适当的矿山计划。矿业学院是德拉贝歇在地质专业化方面的第三项成就。作为博物馆的产物，它于 1851 年与经济地质博物馆的继任者更大的实用地质博物馆一起正式开放。De la Beche 对矿业学院的意图——将教学作为科学与实践的结合——在其方法上似乎是现代的。1843 年，拨款用于地质学实际应用的讲座，但直到 1851 年矿业学院开办后才实施。为了教育每个人——从矿工到矿主——德拉贝切超越了社会界限，支持公开的公开讲座。因此，有人认为他是阶级叛徒。De la Beche 利用他的职位倡导采矿业的发展，包括矿工安全和公共教育。因此，虽然皇家矿业学院的出现晚于许多欧洲同行，但它是地质学系统专业化的一部分，加上对采矿参与者的教育和公众宣传。