Abstract An elicitation task was conducted with speakers of Japonic varieties to investigate whether stimuli of varying sensory modalities (e.g. audio, visual, tactile etc.) were more or less likely to elicit ideophones or iconic words. Stimuli representing sounds, movements, shapes and textures were most likely to elicit ideophones, and this is posited to reflect the relative ease or naturalness with which these domains can be mapped iconically to speech. The results mirror macro-level patterns of linguistic diversity, as these are also domains in which ideophones are most widely attested cross-linguistically. The findings call for the revision of a previously constructed implicational hierarchy for the semantic development of ideophone systems, adding to it the categories of FORM and TEXTURE as domains in which ideophones are most likely to develop, after SOUND and MOVEMENT. Independent evidence for the revised hierarchy comes from a semantic analysis of the elicited ideophones, where it was found that domains early in the hierarchy were more likely to be sources for semantic extension, while later domains were more likely to be targets. These findings are expected to be replicable for other languages, and offer exciting new directions for research into the semantic typology of ideophones.

中文翻译：

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修改表音含义的隐含层次结构，特别参考日本语

摘要 对讲日本语的人进行了一项启发任务，以调查不同感官方式（例如音频、视觉、触觉等）的刺激是否或多或少地可能引发表意词或标志性单词。代表声音、运动、形状和纹理的刺激最有可能引发表音词，这被认为反映了这些领域可以通过标志性地映射到语音的相对容易性或自然性。结果反映了语言多样性的宏观水平模式，因为这些也是表音词在跨语言上得到最广泛证明的领域。研究结果要求修改先前构建的意音系统语义发展的隐含层次结构，将 FORM 和 TEXTURE 的类别添加到其中，作为在 SOUND 和 MOVEMENT 之后最有可能发展 ideophones 的领域。修改后的层次结构的独立证据来自对引出的表音词的语义分析，其中发现层次结构早期的域更可能是语义扩展的源，而后面的域更可能是目标。这些发现有望复制到其他语言，并为表音词的语义类型学研究提供令人兴奋的新方向。而后来的域更有可能成为目标。这些发现有望复制到其他语言，并为表音词的语义类型学研究提供令人兴奋的新方向。而后来的域更有可能成为目标。这些发现有望复制到其他语言，并为表音词的语义类型学研究提供令人兴奋的新方向。