Global Shipping and Port Competitiveness: The Traditionalist and Supply Chain Perspectives Global shipping is a volatile industry, but it is rapidly recovering from the 2016 market which saw the consolidation and bankruptcy of several shipping lines, including the Korean giant Hanjin Shipping. This forced global shippers and carriers to rethink how they are going to remain competitive in a market that still has significant overcapacity in 2018, and for the foreseeable future. Luckily, 2017 was a good year financially for the large carriers with improving operating margins. Extending the first special themed issue in summer 2018, this second special issue on global shipping and ports focuses on how shippers and carriers are becoming more flexible in their strategies and operations to create new competitive advantages. It addresses issues with the methods used to study ports, strategic impacts on large and small vessels, hinterland constraints to ports, as well as the emergence of supply chain theory to guide port priorities. The lead article by Chang and Talley examines port competitiveness from the perspective of traditional port efficiency and the more contemporary supply chain viewpoint. It points out that there are some critical methodological issues in current port literature that may explain contradictory findings. They recommend directions for future research to resolve many of these issues. The second article by Yalcin, Chakravorty, and Yun focuses on the contemporary perspective to discuss how supply chain agility and ambidexterity concepts can be used to improve port competitiveness through the theoretical lens of the Balanced Theory of Port Competitiveness. They find that both explorative and exploitive practices are beneficial to port competitiveness. The third article by Lu and Yeh examines the impact of larger container vessels on port agility, which leads to greater efficiency and profits, but may harm customer service and safety. They note how Europe and Asia differ in how they tend to prioritize competitive factors from the proliferation of mega container vessels. The fourth paper by Fliehr, Zimmer, and Smith focuses on hinterland access to ports that affects port operations and prices. In the context of Brazil, the authors examine how inefficiencies in farm-to-port logistics affect farm gate pricing.

中文翻译：

---

第 58.1 卷：客座编辑介绍

全球航运和港口竞争力：传统主义者和供应链的观点 全球航运是一个动荡的行业，但它正在从 2016 年的市场中迅速复苏，该市场见证了包括韩国巨头韩进航运在内的几家航运公司的合并和破产。这迫使全球托运人和承运人重新考虑如何在 2018 年以及在可预见的未来仍然存在严重产能过剩的市场中保持竞争力。幸运的是，2017 年对于运营利润率提高的大型运营商来说是财务状况良好的一年。扩展 2018 年夏季第一期特刊，第二期全球航运和港口特刊重点关注托运人和承运人如何在战略和运营方面变得更加灵活，以创造新的竞争优势。它解决了用于研究港口的方法、对大型和小型船舶的战略影响、港口腹地限制以及指导港口优先事项的供应链理论的出现等问题。Chang 和 Talley 的主要文章从传统港口效率的角度和更现代的供应链角度审视了港口竞争力。它指出，当前港口文献中存在一些关键的方法论问题，可以解释相互矛盾的发现。他们推荐了未来研究的方向，以解决其中的许多问题。Yalcin 的第二篇文章，Chakravorty，Yun专注于当代视角，通过港口竞争力平衡理论的理论视角，讨论如何使用供应链敏捷性和双元性概念来提高港口竞争力。他们发现，探索性和剥削性做法都有利于提高港口竞争力。Lu 和 Yeh 的第三篇文章研究了大型集装箱船对港口敏捷性的影响，这会带来更高的效率和利润，但可能会损害客户服务和安全。他们注意到欧洲和亚洲在如何优先考虑大型集装箱船扩散中的竞争因素方面存在差异。Fliehr、Zimmer 和 Smith 的第四篇论文侧重于影响港口运营和价格的港口腹地通道。在巴西的背景下，