Abstract

Horne AJ, Faisst WK. 2022. Hypolimnetic oxygenation 6. Improvement in fisheries, hydropower, and drought management with costs of installation and operation in Camanche Reservoir, California, United States. Lake Reserv Manage. 38:268–285.

A hypolimnetic oxygenation system (HOS) was installed in Camanche Reservoir, California, in 1993 to eliminate hatchery fish kills caused by hydrogen sulfide in dam tailwaters. It operates from about June through October each year. Algae, nutrients, heavy metals, and turbidity also declined. Fall run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) increased by 3550/yr or 265%. Threatened steelhead trout (O. mykiss), which spend more time in the river than Chinook, benefited more (625%). A 3 yr delay in elevated adult returns indicated that the HOS’s main effect was improved in-river water quality for juvenile fish, rather than better adult attraction flows. Using the California State economist’s value of $1172 for an adult Chinook to freshwater anglers, the increase due to HOS added $6.5 million/yr to California’s recreation. The in-reservoir coldwater fishery improved because dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion increased from <1 mg/L to ∼5 mg/L. Oxygenation allowed summer operation of a 10.7 MW hydropower plant, making HOS carbon neutral. During droughts, improved water quality at lower reservoir levels reduced dependence on alternative supplies and supported full hatchery operation and in-river spawning. Oxygen addition ($0.64/kg) was much cheaper than nitrate addition ($104/kg). Averaged over 20 yr, HOS reduced phosphorus ($19.3/kg vs. alum addition at $16/kg) and ammonia/nitrate ($2/kg). Iron ($0.0005/kg) and manganese were reduced at lower cost than for conventional methods ($9/kg). Copper ($4441/kg) and zinc ($2169/kg) fell below chronic toxicity levels. Capital cost for HOS was $1.87 million in 1993 or $30,390/km² ($1248/acre). Operation and management averaged $191,288/yr (1993–2000).

摘要

霍恩 AJ，费斯特 WK。2022. Hypolimnetic 氧合 6. 美国加利福尼亚州卡曼切水库的安装和运营成本提高了渔业、水电和干旱管理。湖保护区管理。三十八：268—285。

1993 年，加利福尼亚州卡曼奇水库安装了一个低浓度氧合系统 (HOS)，以消除由大坝尾水中的硫化氢引起的孵化场鱼类死亡。它从每年的 6 月到 10 月运行。藻类、营养物质、重金属和浊度也有所下降。秋季运行的奇努克鲑鱼 ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) 每年增加 3550 条或 265%。受威胁的虹鳟鱼 ( O. mykiss)，比奇努克花更多时间在河里的人受益更多（625%）。3 年延迟增加的成鱼回报表明居屋的主要效果是改善了幼鱼的河内水质，而不是改善成鱼吸引流量。使用加利福尼亚州经济学家对淡水垂钓者的成年奇努克价值 1172 美元计算，由于居屋而增加的收入每年为加利福尼亚的娱乐增加了 650 万美元。由于水库中的溶解氧从<1 mg/L增加到~5 mg/L，水库内冷水渔业得到改善。加氧使 10.7 兆瓦的水电站在夏季运行，使居屋碳中和。在干旱期间，较低水库水位的水质改善减少了对替代供应的依赖，并支持了孵化场的全面运营和河内产卵。氧气添加量（0 美元。64/kg）比添加硝酸盐（104 美元/kg）便宜得多。平均超过 20 年，居屋减少了磷（19.3 美元/公斤，而明矾添加为 16 美元/公斤）和氨/硝酸盐（2 美元/公斤）。铁（0.0005 美元/公斤）和锰的降低成本低于传统方法（9 美元/公斤）。铜（4441 美元/公斤）和锌（2169 美元/公斤）低于慢性毒性水平。1993 年居屋的资本成本为 187 万美元或 30,390 美元/公里²（1248 美元/英亩）。运营和管理平均每年 191,288 美元（1993-2000 年）。