This paper presents the results of a study of the composition of lithic raw materials from the contexts of archaeological sites of hunter-gatherers of Central Chile (latitudes 33° to 34.5° S) between 5000 to 1000 years BP. This territory is characterized by a wide distribution of certain coarse and medium-grained lithic raw materials (andesite, basalt and granite), preferably used in low formatted tools, and the specific location of those of fine grain (obsidian and siliceous rocks), suitable for bifacial reduction, only in some localities. In this analysis, 22 sites have been included, each of which presents different proportions of these raw materials in their context, a set that, when analysed in terms of the diversity of each case, generated clear spatial groupings which were ratified by means of a principle component analysis. These groupings of sites are located in direct association with the lithic landscape of different localities within the region, although we propose that the simple cost-benefit explanation would not account for their formation. According to the authors, these groups would be marked by behaviours that can only result from social restrictions on access to certain sources of these raw materials, especially considering that the distances between their location and the position of the different sources in several cases is not too large to be considered a factor in itself. These restrictions could be interpreted as the existence of socially different groups within the study area, a question that is compared with ethnographic data currently available on the size of the territories of different groups of hunter-gatherers and their annual mobility ranges.

中文翻译：

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岩石资源作为智利中部狩猎采集者社会使用领土的代表

本文介绍了从公元前 5000 年到 1000 年之间智利中部（北纬 33° 到 34.5°）的狩猎采集者考古遗址背景下对岩石原材料成分的研究结果。该地区的特点是某些粗粒和中粒岩屑原料（安山岩、玄武岩和花岗岩）分布广泛，优选用于低格式工具，而细粒（黑曜岩和硅质岩）的特定位置，适合对于双面还原，仅在某些地方。在这项分析中，包括了 22 个地点，每个地点在其背景下呈现出这些原材料的不同比例，当根据每个案例的多样性进行分析时，这些地点产生了清晰的空间分组，并通过主成分分析。这些遗址群与该地区不同地区的岩石景观直接相关，尽管我们认为简单的成本效益解释不能解释它们的形成。根据作者的说法，这些群体的行为特征只能是社会限制获取这些原材料的某些来源，特别是考虑到在一些情况下他们的位置与不同来源的位置之间的距离不太大大本身就是一个因素。这些限制可以解释为研究区域内存在社会不同群体，这个问题与目前可获得的关于不同狩猎采集者群体领土大小及其年度流动范围的民族志数据进行比较。