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Limestone millstones: Facies, provenance and use of sandy to pure limestones in France
Journal of Lithic Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-15 , DOI: 10.2218/jls.3084
Gilles Fronteau , François Boyer , Luc Jaccottey , Vincent Le Quellec , Stéphanie Lepareux-Couturier , Annabelle Milleville , Cécile Monchablon , Boris Robin , Paul Picavet

Limestones are sedimentary rocks more commonly associated with building stones or sculptures than with millstones. Nevertheless, many examples of limestone saddle querns, rotary querns and millstones are spread across France, at times making up the bulk of the archaeological assemblages in various areas characterized by bedrocks rich of sedimentary stones. These limestone millstones are of different types, sources and geological origins: Eocene sandy or fossiliferous limestones, mainly from the various limestones layers from the Lutetian beds, Quaternary calcareous tufas, and fine Jurassic limestones. To explain the behaviour of these rocks, this study advances a classification of the rocks used for millstones, focused not only on the rock-type but mainly on the topological aspect of the stone surface. (empirical macroscopic surface roughness) This renders it possible to classify the rocks into categories by materials, rather than according to petrographic facies. The pure limestones in this study are essentially vacuolar, whereas sandy limestones or certain biodetritital limestones belong to either the granular rocks category, which also includes sandstones, or to the category of heterogeneous rocks. These limestones appear for the most part to have been used due to their availability. Moreover, they epitomise a very satisfactory compromise between their grinding properties and their ease of carving, even if the hardness of these limestones is lower than those of other rocks used as grindstone (basalts or sandstones).

中文翻译:

石灰石磨石:法国砂质至纯石灰石的相、来源和用途

石灰石是沉积岩,通常与建筑石块或雕塑有关,而不是与磨石有关。尽管如此,许多石灰石鞍座、旋转座和磨石的例子遍布法国,有时构成了以富含沉积石的基岩为特征的各个地区的大部分考古组合。这些石灰石磨石具有不同的类型、来源和地质起源:始新世砂质或化石石灰岩,主要来自于鲁特西亚床层的各种石灰岩层、第四纪钙质凝灰岩和侏罗纪细石灰岩。为了解释这些岩石的行为,本研究对用于磨石的岩石进行了分类,不仅关注岩石类型,而且主要关注石材表面的拓扑方面。(经验宏观表面粗糙度)这使得可以按材料分类岩石,而不是根据岩相。本研究中的纯石灰岩本质上是空泡状的,而砂质石灰岩或某些生物碎屑石灰岩属于颗粒岩类别,其中也包括砂岩,或者属于非均质岩石类别。由于它们的可用性,这些石灰石似乎大部分已被使用。此外,即使这些石灰石的硬度低于用作磨石的其他岩石(玄武岩或砂岩),它们也体现了其研磨性能和易于雕刻之间非常令人满意的折衷。本研究中的纯石灰岩本质上是空泡状的,而砂质石灰岩或某些生物碎屑石灰岩属于颗粒岩类别,其中也包括砂岩,或者属于非均质岩石类别。由于它们的可用性,这些石灰石似乎大部分已被使用。此外,即使这些石灰石的硬度低于用作磨石的其他岩石(玄武岩或砂岩),它们也体现了其研磨性能和易于雕刻之间非常令人满意的折衷。本研究中的纯石灰岩本质上是空泡状的,而砂质石灰岩或某些生物碎屑石灰岩属于颗粒岩类别,其中也包括砂岩,或者属于非均质岩石类别。由于它们的可用性,这些石灰石似乎大部分已被使用。此外,即使这些石灰石的硬度低于用作磨石的其他岩石(玄武岩或砂岩),它们也体现了其研磨性能和易于雕刻之间非常令人满意的折衷。由于它们的可用性,这些石灰石似乎大部分已被使用。此外,即使这些石灰石的硬度低于用作磨石的其他岩石(玄武岩或砂岩),它们也体现了其研磨性能和易于雕刻之间非常令人满意的折衷。由于它们的可用性,这些石灰石似乎大部分已被使用。此外,即使这些石灰石的硬度低于用作磨石的其他岩石(玄武岩或砂岩),它们也体现了其研磨性能和易于雕刻之间非常令人满意的折衷。
更新日期:2020-12-15
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