In Mayen the production of lava rotary querns of ‘Iron Age type’ continued from the late La Tène period into Julio-Claudian times. The lower quernstone possessed a domed grinding face and the upper stone was double concave in section. While the surfaces of these querns are usually pecked, late examples show a segmented radial grooving on the grinding surfaces. Handle sockets with elbow-shaped (L-shaped) perforation were already an innovation of the late Iron Age. Since Augustan times ‘typical Roman’ hand-mills were the main product of the Mayen quarries. They had a meta with a flat conical grinding surface and a catillus with a broad raised rim. The active surfaces were grooved for functional reasons. However, the upper side of the catillus and the sides of upper and lower stones were grooved for decoration, making these rotary querns a characteristic ‘branded’ product. Most of the ‘Iron Age type’ quernstones of Early Imperial times are known from the Low Countries where they go under the name of Brillerij-type. A survey of these quernstones reveals several examples found to the southeast of this region. Even after the typical Roman hand mills became the dominant form, some ‘vintage’ Iron Age type querns were still produced for a special clientele. Though, so far, virtually no closely dated specimens are known from contexts after the Batavian revolt.

中文翻译：

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罗马时代“铁器时代”的熔岩旋转熔岩

在马延，“铁器时代类型”的熔岩旋转器的生产从 La Tène 晚期一直持续到 Julio-Claudian 时代。下部磨石具有圆顶磨削面，上部磨石截面为双凹形。虽然这些 querns 的表面通常是啄式的，但后来的例子显示了磨削表面上的分段径向凹槽。带有肘形（L 形）穿孔的把手插座已经是铁器时代晚期的一项创新。自奥古斯都时代以来，“典型的罗马”手磨机就是 Mayen 采石场的主要产品。他们有一个带有平坦锥形研磨表面的金属和一个带有宽凸起边缘的catillus。出于功能原因，活性表面被开槽。但是，在卡蒂斯的上侧和上下石头的两侧都进行了凹槽装饰，使这些旋转 querns 成为具有特色的“品牌”产品。早期帝国时代的大多数“铁器时代”类型的石英石都来自低地国家，在那里它们被称为 Brillerij 类型。对这些石英石的调查揭示了在该地区东南部发现的几个例子。即使在典型的罗马手工磨坊成为主要形式之后，仍然为特殊客户生产了一些“复古”铁器时代类型的 querns。尽管到目前为止，几乎没有从巴达维亚起义后的背景中知道年代很近的标本。即使在典型的罗马手工磨坊成为主要形式之后，仍然为特殊客户生产了一些“复古”铁器时代类型的 querns。尽管到目前为止，几乎没有从巴达维亚起义后的背景中知道年代很近的标本。即使在典型的罗马手工磨坊成为主要形式之后，仍然为特殊客户生产了一些“复古”铁器时代类型的 querns。尽管到目前为止，几乎没有从巴达维亚起义后的背景中知道年代很近的标本。