ABSTRACT After the launch of the Global Assessment of the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) in May 2019, the message that 1 million species are threatened with extinction made headlines in news and social media across the world. These headlines also resulted in critical responses that questioned the credibility of this number and – by extension – the Global Assessment report and the institution of IPBES. In this article, we – as two authors of the Global Assessment – draw lessons from the GA about how to represent biodiversity in assessments and how biodiversity knowledge can inform effective and legitimate actions that contribute to conservation as well as equity, justice, and human well-being. Specifically, we highlight the inherent multiplicity of meanings and definitions of biodiversity to reflect on the limitations of using species richness and extinction as proxies for biodiversity and biodiversity loss. It is crucial to communicate clearly and in a balanced way that biodiversity loss is broader than species extinction, and how this broader loss of biodiversity jeopardises human wellbeing irrespective of whether species die out. Consequently, the post-2020 biodiversity framework will require multiple targets around not only species extinction but also broader biodiversity loss and human well-being.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性和物种灭绝：分类、计算和交流

摘要 2019 年 5 月政府间生物多样性和生态系统服务平台 (IPBES) 全球评估启动后，100 万种物种面临灭绝威胁的信息成为全球新闻和社交媒体的头条新闻。这些头条新闻也引发了质疑这一数字的可信度的批评性回应，进而质疑全球评估报告和 IPBES 的机构。在本文中，作为全球评估的两位作者，我们从 GA 中汲取了关于如何在评估中代表生物多样性以及生物多样性知识如何为有助于保护以及公平、正义和人类福祉的有效和合法行动提供信息的经验教训-存在。具体来说，我们强调生物多样性固有的多重含义和定义，以反映使用物种丰富度和灭绝作为生物多样性和生物多样性丧失的代表的局限性。以平衡的方式清楚地传达生物多样性丧失比物种灭绝更广泛，以及无论物种是否灭绝，这种更广泛的生物多样性丧失如何危害人类福祉至关重要。因此，2020 年后的生物多样性框架不仅需要围绕物种灭绝，还需要围绕更广泛的生物多样性丧失和人类福祉制定多个目标。以及无论物种是否灭绝，这种更广泛的生物多样性丧失如何危害人类福祉。因此，2020 年后的生物多样性框架不仅需要围绕物种灭绝，还需要围绕更广泛的生物多样性丧失和人类福祉制定多个目标。以及无论物种是否灭绝，这种更广泛的生物多样性丧失如何危害人类福祉。因此，2020 年后的生物多样性框架不仅需要围绕物种灭绝，还需要围绕更广泛的生物多样性丧失和人类福祉制定多个目标。