This paper examines the use of prosody for marking upcoming linguistic material in speech production and for anticipating them in speech perception. More specifically, it examines whether in the absence of any overt morphosyntactic cues in the beginning of an utterance, speakers use prosodic means to mark the clause type (declarative or wh-question) and whether listeners use these prosodic cues to anticipate the clause type. We report the results of a production and an audio gating experiment. The results of the production experiment show that speakers of Mandarin differentiate declaratives from wh-questions right from the onset of the clause by means of duration, F0, and intensity. The results of the audio gating experiment demonstrate that prosody is used by listeners to anticipate the clause type which is intended by the speaker.

中文翻译：

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韵律、从句打字和原地写作：来自普通话的证据

本文研究了韵律在语音产生中标记即将出现的语言材料以及在语音感知中预测它们的使用。更具体地说，它检查在话语开头没有任何明显的形态句法线索的情况下，说话者是否使用韵律手段来标记从句类型（陈述性或 wh 问题），以及听者是否使用这些韵律线索来预测从句类型。我们报告了制作和音频选通实验的结果。产生实验的结果表明，说普通话的人从小句的开头就通过时长、F0 和强度来区分陈述句和 wh 疑问句。音频选通实验的结果表明，听者使用韵律来预测说话者想要表达的从句类型。