Abstract:The temperament dimensions of anger, activity level (AL), and inhibitory control (IC) are representative of Rothbart’s negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control factors, and are consistently related to child behavioral problems. Using parent and observer ratings of child temperament, we investigated links between anger, AL, IC, behavior problems (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], aggression, and externalizing) and maternal characteristics in 201 preschoolers and their parents. Anger, AL, and IC were associated with one another and the three behavior problems in the expected directions. Parent-rated temperament was associated with all behavioral problems across analyses. However, in more rigorous regression analyses, observer-rated AL and IC were linked with ADHD, anger was associated with aggression, and hyperactivity was linked with externalizing problems, showing some specificity. Maternal education moderated the relationship between observed anger and externalizing problems. Results indicate that multimethod assessment approaches enable a more contextualized interpretation of early child temperament and behavior-problem research.

中文翻译：

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学龄前愤怒、活动水平、抑制控制和行为问题：家庭研究方法

摘要：愤怒、活动水平（AL）和抑制控制（IC）的气质维度代表了罗斯巴特的消极情感、冲动和努力控制因素，并且始终与儿童行为问题相关。使用父母和观察者对儿童气质的评分，我们调查了 201 名学龄前儿童及其父母的愤怒、AL、IC、行为问题（注意力缺陷多动障碍 [ADHD]、攻击性和外化）与母亲特征之间的联系。愤怒、AL 和 IC 相互关联，并且三个行为问题在预期方向上相互关联。父母评定的气质与分析中的所有行为问题有关。然而，在更严格的回归分析中，观察者评价的 AL 和 IC 与 ADHD 相关，愤怒与攻击性相关，多动与外化问题有关，显示出一定的特异性。母亲教育缓和了观察到的愤怒和外化问题之间的关系。结果表明，多方法评估方法能够对早期儿童气质和行为问题研究进行更加情境化的解释。