Abstract. Background: Switchable glasses allow the control of light transmission—an attractive property for applications such as car sunroofs, aircraft windows, building windows, augmented reality, imaging, and displays. Commercialized switchable glasses have severe limitations, such as speed, cost, and operating conditions, among others. Microshutters, a type of switchable glass with very distinctive properties, are reviewed, as they are a technology that could significantly improve some or all of the shortcomings mentioned above. Aim: We will summarize the various types of microshutters and tentatively identify various critical designs, fabrication schemes, and performance criteria by the many research groups implementing them and investigating their properties. Approach: We will describe the various approaches used to control light transmission through microelectromechanical systems. It will compare their performances and comment on fabrication and implementation challenges. Conclusions: Microshutters have performance levels that could make them good candidates for switchable glasses. Many research groups have investigated various approaches to fabricate microshutters and have shown that they can be implemented reliably on a small scale, with fast actuation, low power, and high contrast and are relatively easy to manufacture. Work is needed to demonstrate that they can be scaled-up and still be economical to produce.

中文翻译：

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可切换玻璃微快门的回顾

摘要。背景：可切换眼镜允许控制光传输——对于汽车天窗、飞机窗户、建筑窗户、增强现实、成像和显示器等应用来说，这是一个有吸引力的特性。商业化的可切换眼镜具有严重的限制，例如速度、成本和操作条件等。微型快门是一种具有非常独特特性的可切换玻璃，我们对其进行了回顾，因为它们是一种可以显着改善上述部分或全部缺点的技术。目的：我们将总结各种类型的微型快门，并通过许多研究小组实施它们并研究它们的特性，初步确定各种关键设计、制造方案和性能标准。方法：我们将描述用于通过微机电系统控制光传输的各种方法。它将比较它们的性能并评论制造和实施挑战。结论：微型快门的性能水平可以使其成为可切换眼镜的良好候选者。许多研究小组已经研究了制造微快门的各种方法，并表明它们可以在小规模上可靠地实现，具有快速驱动、低功耗和高对比度，并且相对容易制造。需要开展工作来证明它们可以按比例放大，并且生产起来仍然是经济的。微型快门的性能水平可以使其成为可切换眼镜的良好候选者。许多研究小组已经研究了制造微型快门的各种方法，并表明它们可以在小规模上可靠地实施，具有快速驱动、低功耗和高对比度，并且相对容易制造。需要开展工作来证明它们可以按比例放大，并且生产起来仍然是经济的。微型快门的性能水平可以使其成为可切换眼镜的良好候选者。许多研究小组已经研究了制造微快门的各种方法，并表明它们可以在小规模上可靠地实现，具有快速驱动、低功耗和高对比度，并且相对容易制造。需要开展工作来证明它们可以按比例放大，并且生产起来仍然是经济的。