The classical foundations of migration research date from the 1880s with Ravenstein’s “Laws of migration”, which represent the first comparative analyses of internal migration. While his observations remain largely valid, the ensuing century has seen considerable progress in data collection practices and methods of analysis, which in turn has permitted theoretical advances in understanding the role of migration in population redistribution. Coupling the extensive range of migration data now available with these recent theoretical and methodological advances, we endeavour to advance beyond Ravenstein’s understanding by examining the direction of population redistribution and comparing the impact of internal migration on patterns of human settlement in 27 European countries. Results show that the overall redistributive impact of internal migration is low in most European countries but the mechanisms differ across the continent. In Southern and Eastern Europe migration effectiveness is above average but is offset by low migration intensities, whereas in Northern and Western Europe high intensities are absorbed in reciprocal flows resulting in low migration effectiveness. About half the European countries are experiencing a process of concentration toward urbanised regions, particularly in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, whereas countries in the West and South are undergoing a process of population deconcentration. These results suggest that population deconcentration is now more common than it was in the 1990s when counterurbanisation was limited to Western Europe. The results show that 130 years on, Ravenstein’s law of migration streams and counter-streams remains a central facet of migration dynamics, while underlining the importance of simple yet robust indices for the spatial analysis of migration.* This article belongs to a special issue on “Internal Migration as a Driver of Regional Population Change in Europe: Updating Ravenstein”.

中文翻译：

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内部迁移对欧洲人口再分配的影响：城市化、反城市化还是空间平衡？

移民研究的经典基础可以追溯到 1880 年代拉文斯坦的“移民法则”，这是对国内移民的第一次比较分析。尽管他的观察在很大程度上仍然有效，但随后的一个世纪在数据收集实践和分析方法方面取得了相当大的进步，这反过来又促进了理解移民在人口重新分配中的作用的理论进步。将现有的大量移民数据与这些最新的理论和方法学进展相结合，我们通过研究人口再分配的方向和比较内部迁移对 27 个欧洲国家人类住区模式的影响，努力超越 Ravenstein 的理解。结果表明，在大多数欧洲国家，内部移民的总体再分配影响较低，但整个大陆的机制不同。在南欧和东欧，移民效率高于平均水平，但被低移民强度所抵消，而在北欧和西欧，高强度被相互流动吸收，导致低移民效率。大约一半的欧洲国家正在经历向城市化地区集中的过程，特别是在北欧、中欧和东欧，而西欧和南欧国家正在经历人口分散的过程。这些结果表明，人口分散现在比 1990 年代反城市化仅限于西欧时更为普遍。结果表明，130 年后，