Ravenstein, writing in 19th century papers, observed that migration varied with the life course. However, he did not investigate this variation in detail, as the necessary data were not then available. Age-specific migration has been a focus for researchers of migration in the 20th and 21st centuries. Building on this research, the current paper explores age-specific migration in Russia focussing on its spatial diversity. We compare age-specific migration patterns found in Russia and those observed in other developed countries. For this investigation, we mainly use Russian administrative data on residence registration for 2012-2016, together with information on populations by age in the latest census in 2010. The data are analysed using a classification of local administrative units classified by degree of remoteness from Russia’s principal cities (regional centres). The main results are as follows: In Russia, young people participate strongly in migration flows between peripheral territories and regional centres. The net migration surplus in regional centres is mostly produced by the migration of 15-19 year-olds starting further and higher education courses. Peak migration occurs in this age group. This type of migration represents upward mobility in the spatial hierarchy because institutions of higher education are located in the large cities. People aged 20-29 and 30-39 migrate in much smaller numbers, but they also replenish the population of regional centres. The inflow of middle-aged migrants and families with children was directed to the areas located closest to the regional centres, the suburbs. This type of migration is observed in regions with a well-developed middle class with high purchasing power, for example, in the city of Moscow and in the Moscow Region. Peripheral territories have similar profiles of age-specific migration, but of loss rather than gain. The farther they are from regional centres, the more significant the outflow of young people and the stronger the impact of migration on population ageing. The rural periphery and small cities attract only elderly migrants, but this inflow is far smaller than the outflow of young people. The directions and age selectivity of migration observed in other countries are thus also found in Russia, although there are important differences associated with the nature of housing in Russian cities and regions. * This article belongs to a special issue on “Internal Migration as a Driver of Regional Population Change in Europe: Updating Ravenstein”.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯区域中心和周边地区的特定年龄移民

拉文斯坦在 19 世纪的论文中写道，移民随生命历程而变化。然而，他没有详细调查这种变化，因为当时没有必要的数据。特定年龄的移民一直是 20 世纪和 21 世纪移民研究人员关注的焦点。在这项研究的基础上，本论文探讨了俄罗斯特定年龄的移民，重点关注其空间多样性。我们比较了在俄罗斯发现的特定年龄的迁移模式和在其他发达国家观察到的迁移模式。本次调查主要使用俄罗斯2012-2016年的户口登记行政数据，以及2010年最新一次人口普查中按年龄划分的人口信息。数据分析使用按与俄罗斯主要城市（区域中心）的远近程度分类的地方行政单位分类。主要结果如下： 在俄罗斯，年轻人积极参与周边地区和区域中心之间的移民流动。区域中心的净移民盈余主要是由开始进修和高等教育课程的 15-19 岁的移民产生的。迁移高峰发生在这个年龄组。这种类型的迁移代表了空间层次结构的向上流动，因为高等教育机构位于大城市。20-29 岁和 30-39 岁的人口迁移的人数要少得多，但他们也补充了区域中心的人口。中年移民和有孩子的家庭的流入被引导到距离区域中心最近的地区，即郊区。在中产阶级发达、购买力高的地区，例如莫斯科市和莫斯科地区，可以观察到这种类型的移民。外围地区具有类似的特定年龄迁移特征，但损失而不是收益。离区域中心越远，年轻人外流越明显，移民对人口老龄化的影响越大。农村外围和小城市只吸引老年流动人口，但这种流入远小于年轻人的流出。因此，在俄罗斯也发现了在其他国家观察到的迁移方向和年龄选择性，尽管俄罗斯城市和地区的住房性质存在重要差异。* 本文属于“内部移民作为欧洲区域人口变化的驱动力：更新拉文斯坦”的特刊。