Geography, as known to the Mughal court and the Persian-writing authors of Mughal India, should have expanded in respect of Europe once the Portuguese and then the Dutch, English and French merchants arrived in India. An exploration of Persian texts containing geographical information, including lists of places in the world with their coordinates, reveals that while both Indian and European geographers followed the same Hellenistic system of coordinates, there was very meagre information about Europe added in Mughal-period texts to what had already been recorded in earlier Arabic-Persian works, and this remained pretty meagre. Even the discovery of the New World was rarely noticed and so its implications were not at all comprehended.

一旦葡萄牙人、荷兰、英国和法国商人抵达印度，地理，正如莫卧儿宫廷和莫卧儿印度的波斯文字作者所知道的那样，本应在欧洲扩展。对包含地理信息的波斯文本的探索，包括世界上的地点列表及其坐标，揭示了虽然印度和欧洲地理学家都遵循相同的希腊化坐标系统，但在莫卧儿时期的文本中添加的关于欧洲的信息非常少。早期的阿拉伯-波斯作品中已经记录的内容，但仍然非常少。甚至新大陆的发现也很少被注意到，因此它的含义根本不被理解。