Leveraging an original dataset on coastal shipping and invoking a new economic geography framework, we study the effects of domestic and international trade costs on industrial concentration and productivity growth in interwar Brazil. In the great wave of globalization before 1914, international trade costs were low and domestic costs high. Economic activity was dispersed along the coastline. The interwar period saw a reversal: international costs surged and domestic costs declined. Economic activity was increasingly concentrated in São Paulo. Agglomeration economies enabled productivity growth in the 1930s, mostly in durable and capital goods.

中文翻译：

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一帆风顺：两次世界大战期间巴西的市场整合、集聚和生产力增长

利用沿海航运的原始数据集并调用新的经济地理框架，我们研究了国内和国际贸易成本对两次世界大战期间巴西工业集中度和生产力增长的影响。1914年之前的全球化大浪潮中，国际贸易成本低，国内成本高。经济活动沿着海岸线分散。两次世界大战之间发生了逆转：国际成本飙升，国内成本下降。经济活动越来越集中在圣保罗。集聚经济在 1930 年代促进了生产力增长，主要是耐用品和资本品。