The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in a major necessity for scientific countermeasures. Investigations revealing the exact mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis provide the basis for the development of therapeutic measures and protective vaccines against COVID-19. Animal models are inevitable for infection and pre-clinical vaccination studies as well as therapeutic testing. A well-suited animal model, mimicking the pathology seen in human COVID-19 patients, is an important basis for these investigations. Several animal models were already used during SARS-CoV-2 studies with different clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we give an overview of different animal models used in SARS-CoV-2 infection studies with a focus on the mouse model. Mice provide a well-established animal model for laboratory use and several different mouse models have been generated and are being used in SARS-CoV-2 studies. Furthermore, the analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells during infection and in vaccination studies in mice is highlighted.

SARS-CoV-2（引起 COVID-19 大流行的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型）的出现，迫切需要采取科学对策。揭示 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制的确切机制的研究为开发针对 COVID-19 的治疗措施和保护性疫苗提供了基础。动物模型对于感染和临床前疫苗接种研究以及治疗测试是不可避免的。模仿人类 COVID-19 患者病理的合适动物模型是这些研究的重要基础。在 SARS-CoV-2 研究中已经使用了几种动物模型，在 SARS-CoV-2 感染后具有不同的临床结果。在这里，我们概述了 SARS-CoV-2 感染研究中使用的不同动物模型，重点是小鼠模型。小鼠为实验室使用提供了一个完善的动物模型，并且已经生成了几种不同的小鼠模型并正在 SARS-CoV-2 研究中使用。此外，还强调了在小鼠感染期间和疫苗接种研究中对 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞的分析。