The paper makes a case for regarding Nigerian Pidgin (Naijá) and Jamaican Creole (Patois) as informal linguistic epicentres in the global English Language Complex. This requires a few modifications to current definitions of linguistic epicentres but leads to a sociolinguistically realistic and more comprehensive account of the profound influence that Jamaica and Nigeria have had on the development of Englishes in their regions and in the world at large. In the absence of large corpora, qualitative methods from linguistic ethnography and interactional sociolinguistics were used for the study of possible epicentral effects of Naijá and Patois. They allow access to speakers’ language attitudes and language ideologies, a shaping factor of epicentral influences that generally deserves more attention in future research.

中文翻译：

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迁移、媒体以及基于洋泾浜和克里奥尔语的非正式震中的出现

该论文提出了将尼日利亚洋泾浜（Naijá）和牙买加克里奥尔语（Patois）视为全球英语语言综合体中的非正式语言中心的案例。这需要对当前语言中心的定义进行一些修改，但会导致对牙买加和尼日利亚对其地区和整个世界英语发展产生的深远影响进行社会语言现实和更全面的描述。在没有大型语料库的情况下，来自语言民族志和互动社会语言学的定性方法被用于研究 Naijá 和 Patois 可能的震中效应。它们允许访问说话者的语言态度和语言意识形态，这是震中影响的塑造因素，在未来的研究中通常值得更多关注。