Abstract When combined with nanomaterials, antibiotics show antibacterial activity against susceptible and resistant bacterial strains at significantly lower concentrations. Unfortunately, to date, no research study has examined the effect of the antibiotic mode of action and mechanism of bacterial resistance on the effectiveness of combined antibacterial treatment with nanomaterials. Therefore, in this review, we performed a thorough analysis and critical evaluation of previously published data related to the combined antibacterial effect of antibiotics with nanostructured materials with a targeted focus on relationships between antibiotic’s modes of action and bacterial resistance mechanisms for relevant nanomaterials and their impact on the resulting synergistic effects. Following thorough data analysis and critical discussion, we have discovered and are the first who present that antibiotic’s mode of action and bacterial resistance mechanism determine the final effectiveness of combined antibacterial treatment with nanomaterials. We therefore conclude that only certain combinations of nanomaterials with antibiotics can lead to the enhancement and restoration of the antibacterial effectiveness of antibiotics against certain resistant bacteria. Moreover, the recently occurring development of bacterial resistance towards nanomaterials is also discussed together with a possibility of how to prevent it. All discovered findings provide a new view and perspective on this issue helping to navigate further approaches to combat the antibiotic crisis.

中文翻译：

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抗菌纳米材料：克服抗生素耐药性危机的即将到来的希望

摘要：当与纳米材料结合使用时，抗生素在显着较低的浓度下对敏感和耐药菌株显示出抗菌活性。不幸的是，迄今为止，还没有研究研究过抗生素作用方式和细菌耐药机制对纳米材料联合抗菌治疗效果的影响。因此，在这篇综述中，我们对先前发表的与抗生素与纳米结构材料的联合抗菌作用相关的数据进行了彻底的分析和批判性评估，重点关注抗生素的作用方式与相关纳米材料的细菌耐药机制之间的关系及其影响。关于由此产生的协同效应。经过彻底的数据分析和批判性讨论，我们已经发现并且是​​第一个提出抗生素的作用方式和细菌耐药机制决定了与纳米材料联合抗菌治疗的最终效果的人。因此，我们得出结论，只有纳米材料与抗生素的某些组合才能增强和恢复抗生素对某些耐药细菌的抗菌效果。此外，还讨论了最近发生的细菌对纳米材料的耐药性以及如何预防这种耐药性的可能性。所有发现的发现都为这个问题提供了新的观点和观点，有助于引导进一步的方法来应对抗生素危机。