2010 was a significant year for immigration issues along the United States-Mexico border. In April, Arizona signed the most extreme law against undocumented immigrants. In August, 72 hopeful migrants were massacred in Tamaulipas by alleged drug traffickers, and the Arizona desert claimed a record 252 lives in fiscal year 2010. These events were part of the trend that began with border militarization in the mid-1990s and escalated in the wake of 9/11, resulting in the extremely violent character of the undocumented border crossing experience. This is manifest, not only in the frequent reports of abuses by various actors along the border, but also in the consolidation of undocumented migration with the trafficking of narcotics. The authors have documented many cases of robbery, kidnapping, physical abuse, rape, and manipulation by drug traffickers. In this article, we discuss these different manifestations of violence by understanding both the structural constraints that create and characterize violence, as well as the individual reactions to the factors. The authors propose the conceptualization of “post structural violence” as a manner of enhancing the discussion of agency within and as a reaction to the structural conditions generated by border security and immigration policy.

中文翻译：

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亚利桑那-索诺拉边境的暴力和移民

2010 年是美墨边境移民问题的重要一年。4 月，亚利桑那州签署了针对无证移民的最极端法律。8 月，72 名满怀希望的移民在塔毛利帕斯被涉嫌毒贩屠杀，亚利桑那沙漠​​在 2010 财年夺走了创纪录的 252 条生命。这些事件是始于 1990 年代中期边境军事化并在9/11 之后，导致无证过境经历的极端暴力性质。这不仅体现在边境沿线各种行为者滥用职权的频繁报道中，而且体现在无证移民与毒品贩运的合并中。作者记录了许多抢劫、绑架、身体虐待、强奸和毒贩操纵的案件。在本文中，我们通过了解造成暴力和表征暴力的结构性限制以及个人对这些因素的反应来讨论这些不同的暴力表现形式。作者提出将“后结构性暴力”概念化为一种加强内部机构讨论的方式，并作为对边境安全和移民政策产生的结构性条件的反应。