Abstract Allelopathy, a complex phenomenon has unveiled both stimulatory and inhibitory effects in plant processes that are mediated by the release of certain chemical compounds commonly known as allelochemicals. Allelochemicals, a form of bioactive secondary metabolites are produced by a diverse group of plants and microbes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. It ranges from a simple hydrocarbon to complex polycyclic aromatic compounds like phenol, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, amino acids, alkaloids and quinones. These plant bioactive compounds are released into the environment via decomposition, exudation, leaching and volatilization that play a significant role in regulating the intra-specific or inter-specific relations with counterparts. A wide variety of methods has been proposed for analyzing the basic mechanism and overall effect of allelochemicals. However, the lack of a reliable and effective method to identify their molecular mode of action and their modulation in the metabolic pathway still remains as a great challenge. From a commercial perspective, these allelochemicals are deemed to be better candidates for green natural herbicides and weedicides that are proven to be environment friendly, unlike synthetic chemicals. In order to pave a way for the economic viability of these chemicals, a basic understanding of their chemistry is inevitable. This review article is focused to give an in-depth understanding of metabolic pathways genes responsible for the elicitation/secretion and the adoption of a suitable downstream process and analytical techniques that can intensify the process.

中文翻译：

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植物和微生物化感物质的合成和提取途径：综述

摘要 化感作用是一种复杂的现象，它揭示了植物过程中的刺激和抑制作用，这些作用是由某些通常称为化感化学物质的化合物的释放介导的。化感化学物质是一种具有生物活性的次生代谢物，由多种植物和微生物响应生物和非生物胁迫而产生。它的范围从简单的碳氢化合物到复杂的多环芳族化合物，如苯酚、黄酮类化合物、单宁、类固醇、氨基酸、生物碱和醌。这些植物生物活性化合物通过分解、渗出、浸出和挥发释放到环境中，在调节与对应物的种内或种间关系中起重要作用。已经提出了多种方法来分析化感化学物质的基本机制和整体效果。然而，缺乏一种可靠和有效的方法来识别它们的分子作用模式及其在代谢途径中的调节仍然是一个巨大的挑战。从商业角度来看，与合成化学品不同，这些化感物质被认为是绿色天然除草剂和除草剂的更好候选者，它们被证明是环境友好的。为了为这些化学品的经济可行性铺平道路，对它们的化学性质有基本的了解是不可避免的。