Violence against women occurs predominantly in the family and domestic context. The COVID-19 pan-demic has led Brazil to recommend and at times, impose social distancing, with the partial closure of economic activities, schools, and restrictions on events and public services. Preliminary evidence shows that intense co-existence increases domestic violence, while social distancing measures may have prevented access to public services and networks, information, and help. We propose an agent-based model (ABM), called VIDA, to for-malize and illustrate a multitude of factors that influence events which could trigger violence. A central part of the model is the construction of a stress indicator, created as a probability trigger of domestic violence occur-ring within the family environment. Having a formal model that replicates observed patterns of violence based on internal familial characteristics enables us to experiment with altering dynamics. We first tested the (a) ab-sence or presence of the deterrence system of domestic violence against women and then (b) the existence of measures to increase social distancing. VIDA presents comparative results for metropolitan regions and neigh-borhoods considered in the experiments. Results suggest that social distancing measures, particularly those encouraging staying at home, may have increased domestic violence against women by about 10%. VIDA sug-gests further that more populated areas have comparatively fewer cases per hundred thousand women than less populous capitals or rural areas of urban concentrations. This paper contributes to the literature by formal-izing, to the best of our knowledge, the first model of domestic violence through agent-based modeling, using empirical detailed socioeconomic, demographic, educational, gender, and race data at the intraurban (census sectors) and household level.

中文翻译：

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VIDA：社会疏远时期家庭暴力的模拟模型

暴力侵害妇女行为主要发生在家庭和家庭环境中。COVID-19 大流行导致巴西建议并有时实施社会疏离，部分关闭经济活动、学校，并限制活动和公共服务。初步证据表明，强烈的共处会增加家庭暴力，而保持社交距离的措施可能会阻碍人们获得公共服务和网络、信息和帮助。我们提出了一种基于代理的模型 (ABM)，称为 VIDA，以形式化和说明影响可能引发暴力的事件的众多因素。该模型的核心部分是构建压力指标，作为家庭环境中发生家庭暴力的概率触发器。拥有一个基于内部家庭特征复制观察到的暴力模式的正式模型，使我们能够尝试改变动态。我们首先测试了 (a) 是否存在针对妇女的家庭暴力的威慑系统，然后 (b) 是否存在增加社会距离的措施。VIDA 提供了实验中考虑的大都市地区和社区的比较结果。结果表明，保持社交距离的措施，尤其是那些鼓励留在家中的措施，可能会使针对女性的家庭暴力增加约 10%。VIDA 进一步建议，与人口较少的首都或城市集中的农村地区相比，人口较多的地区每十万妇女的病例数相对较少。本文通过形式化为文献做出贡献，