In 2015, Edward Snowden recommended that ordinary citizens use adblocking software and an encryption-oriented privacy extension for their web browser to protect against surveillance. This paper critically explores how the development of privacy extension software for web browsers can be situated in relation to privacy advocacy. Privacy advocates are individuals who act on behalf of the citizenry to speak to governments and corporations about how our data are collected and processed. While the Snowden revelations began in 2013 and the Cambridge Analytica scandal broke in 2018, privacy extensions remain underexplored in the literature on privacy advocacy. This paper shares findings from ethnographically informed interviews conducted with thirty developers and other knowledgeable experts who created twenty-six named privacy extensions. The privacy extensions explored included anti-tracking, hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS), and privacy policy and password-related functionalities. Although privacy extensions are an imperfect set of tools to protect privacy, we argue that production of this software demonstrates an array of privacy advocacy strategies. Privacy extensions can be scaffolded upon previous resistance moves to surveillance by individuals, while also sometimes intersecting with traditional and expanded notions of collective action in the digital age.

中文翻译：

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开发隐私扩展：是通过 Web 浏览器进行宣传吗？

2015 年，爱德华·斯诺登 (Edward Snowden) 建议普通公民在其网络浏览器中使用广告拦截软件和面向加密的隐私扩展，以防止被监视。本文批判性地探讨了 Web 浏览器隐私扩展软件的开发如何与隐私倡导相关。隐私权倡导者是代表公民与政府和公司就如何收集和处理我们的数据进行交流的个人。虽然斯诺登的爆料始于 2013 年，而剑桥分析公司的丑闻于 2018 年爆发，但隐私权扩展在有关隐私权倡导的文献中仍未得到充分探索。本文分享了对 30 名开发人员和其他知识渊博的专家进行的民族志访谈的结果，这些专家创建了 26 个命名隐私扩展。探索的隐私扩展包括反跟踪、安全超文本传输​​协议 (HTTPS) 以及隐私策略和密码相关功能。尽管隐私扩展是一套不完善的隐私保护工具，但我们认为该软件的生产展示了一系列隐私倡导策略。隐私扩展可以建立在以前对个人监视的抵制行动的基础上，同时有时也与数字时代的传统和扩展的集体行动概念相交叉。