Abstract This article addresses two issues: the distinction between objective and subjective measures and the directness of such measures. It is argued that the distinction is unambiguous only when based on a methodological criterion (i.e. the threshold utilized by the measures) rather than a semantic one (i.e. their referring either to the world or to the participant’s inner states). Different senses of directness are discussed: metaphysical (which seems to rest on a category error), methodological (the only unambiguously defined one, though relating ‘directly’ to performance rather than awareness), semantic (which appears gradable), and causal.

中文翻译：

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是什么使意识的行为测量具有主观性和直接性？

摘要 本文讨论两个问题：客观和主观措施的区别以及这些措施的直接性。有人认为，只有当基于方法标准（即测量使用的阈值）而不是语义标准（即它们指的是世界或参与者的内心状态）时，这种区别才是明确的。讨论了不同的直接意义：形而上学（似乎基于类别错误）、方法论（唯一明确定义的一种，尽管“直接”与表演而不是意识相关）、语义（似乎是可分级的）和因果关系。