Abstract Modern science’s ability to produce, store, and analyze big datasets is changing the way that scientific research is practiced. Philosophers have only begun to comprehend the changed nature of scientific reasoning in this age of “big data.” We analyze data-focused practices in biology and climate modeling, identifying distinct species of data-centric science: phenomena-laden in biology and phenomena-agnostic in climate modeling, each better suited for its own domain of application, though each entail tradeoffs. We argue that data-centric practices in science are not monolithic because the opportunities and challenges presented by big data vary across scientific domains.

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各种以数据为中心的科学：区域气候建模和模式生物研究

摘要 现代科学产生、存储和分析大数据集的能力正在改变科学研究的实践方式。在这个“大数据”时代，哲学家们才刚刚开始理解科学推理的变化本质。我们分析了生物学和气候建模中以数据为中心的实践，确定了以数据为中心的科学的不同种类：生物学中充满现象，气候建模中与现象无关，每个都更适合自己的应用领域，尽管每个都需要权衡。我们认为，以数据为中心的科学实践并不是单一的，因为大数据带来的机遇和挑战因科学领域而异。