This is a version of the so called Special Composition Question (SCQ). SCQ was famously introduced in the metaphysics literature by Van Inwagen (1987), and it has been driving the debate on composition ever since. Answers to SCQ can be broadly divided in two camps: extreme or moderate answers. According to extreme answers ψ is irrelevant for composition: either composition always occurs, i.e. a set S of entities composes a further entity under any ψ whatsoever (mereological universalism), or composition never occurs, i.e. a set of entities S composes a further entity under no ψ whatsoever (mereological nihilism). Moderate answers single out a non-empty and non-trivial criterion ψ—one that neither fails for every S, nor holds for every S—for composition to occur. Despite their initial attractiveness, satisfactory moderate answers are hard to come by. Recently, different physics-based answers to the SCQ have been put forward

中文翻译：

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特殊成分问题的束缚态答案

这是所谓的特殊作文问题 (SCQ) 的一个版本。SCQ 是由 Van Inwagen (1987) 在形而上学文献中著名地引入的，从那时起它就一直在推动关于作文的辩论。SCQ 的答案可以大致分为两个阵营：极端或中等答案。根据极端的答案，ψ 与组合无关：要么组合总是发生，即一组实体在任何 ψ 下构成另一个实体（分体普遍主义），要么组合永远不会发生，即一组实体 S 构成一个下一个实体没有任何ψ（分体虚无主义）。中等答案挑出一个非空且非平凡的标准 ψ ——一个既不会对每个 S 都失败，也不会对每个 S 都成立的标准——以使组合发生。尽管他们最初的吸引力，令人满意的温和答案很难得到。最近，针对 SCQ 提出了不同的基于物理的答案