In recent years, more and more metal or non-metal materials have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the vascular complications after transplantation are still the main factors restricting the clinical application of most grafts, such as acute thrombosis and graft restenosis. Implant materials have been extensively designed and surface optimized by researchers, but it is still too difficult to avoid complications. Natural vascular endodermis has excellent function, anti-coagulant and anti-intimal hyperplasia, and it is also the key to maintaining the homeostasis of normal vascular microenvironment. Therefore, how to promote the adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) on the surface of cardiovascular materials to achieve endothelialization of the surface is the key to overcoming the complications after implant materialization. At present, the surface endothelialization design of materials based on materials surface science, bioactive molecules, and biological function intervention and feedback has attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the related research on the surface modification of materials by endothelialization in recent years, and analyze the advantages and challenges of current endothelialization design ideas, explain the relationship between materials, cells, and vascular remodeling in order to find a more ideal endothelialization surface modification strategy for future researchers to meet the requirements of clinical biocompatibility of cardiovascular materials.

近年来，越来越多的金属或非金属材料被用于心血管疾病的治疗，但移植后的血管并发症仍然是制约大多数移植物临床应用的主要因素，如急性血栓形成和移植物再狭窄。研究人员已经对植入材料进行了广泛的设计和表面优化，但仍然很难避免并发症。天然血管内皮具有优良的功能、抗凝血和抗内膜增生，也是维持正常血管微环境稳态的关键。因此，如何促进内皮细胞（ECs）在心血管材料表面的粘附，实现表面的内皮化，是克服植入物化后并发症的关键。目前，基于材料表面科学、生物活性分子、生物功能干预与反馈的材料表面内皮化设计备受关注。本文综述了近年来内皮化对材料表面改性的相关研究，分析了当前内皮化设计思路的优势和挑战，阐释了材料、细胞、血管重塑之间的关系，以期找到更有效的方法。未来研究人员理想的内皮化表面改性策略，以满足心血管材料临床生物相容性的要求。生物功能干预与反馈备受关注。本文综述了近年来内皮化对材料表面改性的相关研究，分析了当前内皮化设计思路的优势和挑战，阐释了材料、细胞、血管重塑之间的关系，以期找到更有效的方法。未来研究人员理想的内皮化表面改性策略，以满足心血管材料临床生物相容性的要求。生物功能干预与反馈备受关注。本文综述了近年来内皮化对材料表面改性的相关研究，分析了当前内皮化设计思路的优势和挑战，阐释了材料、细胞、血管重塑之间的关系，以期找到更有效的方法。未来研究人员理想的内皮化表面改性策略，以满足心血管材料临床生物相容性的要求。