Gentrification is an increasingly common phenomenon in many urban neighbourhoods. While cities invest in more sustainable travel options for their residents, there is limited literature on its connection to gentrification of the surrounding areas. Understanding whether these investments induce gentrification is essential to ensure the positive impacts of public transport are not undermined by the displacement it may create. This paper presents a multi-analysis approach to studying gentrification, defined by a bi-axial definition of neighbourhood change which considers the negative components (displacement) and positive components (neighbourhood upgrading) of gentrification. We focus specifically on the extent to which exposure to public transport induces gentrification-like changes in neighbouring communities, the influence of time on the kind and magnitude of changes, and whether disinvested communities are most vulnerable. We analyse neighbourhood changes in Manchester, UK, in response to the introduction of the Metrolink tram network, and conclude that there is evidence of gentrification in areas with access to new light rail. We conclude that the length of exposure has a significant impact on the magnitude and direction of change for certain indicators of gentrification. We find mixed results regarding the susceptibility of disinvested communities to gentrification.

中文翻译：

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暴露、时机和脆弱性：公共交通在诱导高档化中的作用

在许多城市社区，高档化是一种越来越普遍的现象。虽然城市为其居民投资更可持续的旅行选择，但关于其与周边地区高档化的联系的文献有限。了解这些投资是否会导致高档化对于确保公共交通的积极影响不会因其可能造成的流离失所而受到破坏至关重要。本文提出了一种研究高档化的多分析方法，该方法由社区变化的双轴定义定义，该定义考虑了高档化的负面成分（位移）和正面成分（社区升级）。我们特别关注公共交通在多大程度上导致邻近社区发生类似高档化的变化，时间对变化的种类和幅度的影响，以及投资不足的社区是否最脆弱。我们分析了英国曼彻斯特因引入 Metrolink 有轨电车网络而发生的社区变化，并得出结论认为，在可以使用新轻轨的地区存在中产阶级化的证据。我们得出的结论是，暴露时间的长短对某些高档化指标的变化幅度和方向有重大影响。我们发现关于不投资社区对高档化的敏感性的结果好坏参半。我们得出的结论是，暴露时间的长短对某些高档化指标的变化幅度和方向有重大影响。我们发现关于不投资社区对高档化的敏感性的结果好坏参半。我们得出的结论是，暴露时间的长短对某些高档化指标的变化幅度和方向有重大影响。我们发现关于不投资社区对高档化的敏感性的结果好坏参半。