American cities have been implementing park-and-rides (PNRs) since the 1930s; however, there has been a recent resurgence of literature examining this type of transit station. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on PNRs and directions for future research. PNR studies published in the last ten years were reviewed and text mining was applied to extract key themes. Six themes were identified. The two most common areas of research were network equilibrium and optimization (12 of 37 studies) and demand models (8 of 37 studies). This was followed by guidelines and best practices as well as comparative studies (6 of 37 studies each). Parking utilization had the fewest number of recent studies (3 of 37 studies). This review revealed that the majority of PNR studies were conducted in geographic areas with extensive transit services, most studies have focused on rail-based PNRs, and the most widely used method was multinomial logit. Some areas for future research include studying remote PNRs, examining bus-based PNRs, and assessing the impact of emerging modes on PNR utilization. This systematic review could assist planners and transit agencies in further improving sustainable PNR networks in their cities.

中文翻译：

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停车换乘的文献综述

自 1930 年代以来，美国城市一直在实施停车换乘 (PNR)；然而，最近出现了研究这种类型的中转站的文献。本文旨在对当前有关 PNR 的文献和未来研究方向进行全面回顾。回顾了过去十年发表的 PNR 研究，并应用文本挖掘来提取关键主题。确定了六个主题。两个最常见的研究领域是网络平衡和优化（37 项研究中的 12 项）和需求模型（37 项研究中的 8 项）。随后是指南和最佳实践以及比较研究（每项 37 项研究中的 6 项）。停车利用率最近的研究数量最少（37 项研究中的 3 项）。该综述显示，大多数 PNR 研究是在具有广泛交通服务的地理区域进行的，大多数研究都集中在基于铁路的 PNR，并且使用最广泛的方法是多项式 logit。未来研究的一些领域包括研究远程 PNR、检查基于总线的 PNR，以及评估新兴模式对 PNR 利用率的影响。这种系统性审查可以帮助规划者和交通机构进一步改善其城市的可持续 PNR 网络。