To promote sustainable urban development, transport policies need to change from a car-oriented mobility planning paradigm to an accessibility-based paradigm, integrating land-use and transport policies. This paper uses the concept of planning paradigms to describe the current status of municipal transport planning and problem framing. The dominant transport planning paradigm of 172 Dutch municipalities is determined, based on a conceptual framework with 24 mobility and accessibility planning criteria. Statistical analysis is then conducted to find linkages between the planning paradigm and transport, land-use, and institutional characteristics of the municipalities. We show that the mobility planning paradigm still dominates Dutch municipal transport planning, and the accessibility planning paradigm is mostly found in large cities and highly urban municipalities. However, we do find indications of slow change in the transport planning paradigms in Dutch municipalities, as older policy documents are more (car) mobility focused than newer policy documents. Further research is necessary to examine the evolution of the paradigm shift in municipal transport planning over time and what factors promote the realization of such a paradigm shift.

中文翻译：

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荷兰政策中的流动性和可及性范式：实证分析

为了促进城市的可持续发展，交通政策需要从以汽车为导向的出行规划范式转变为基于可达性的范式，整合土地使用和交通政策。本文使用规划范式的概念来描述城市交通规划的现状和问题框架。荷兰 172 个城市的主要交通规划范式是根据具有 24 个流动性和可达性规划标准的概念框架确定的。然后进行统计分析，以找出规划范式与市政当局的交通、土地利用和制度特征之间的联系。我们表明，交通规划范式仍然主导着荷兰的市政交通规划，可达性规划范式主要存在于大城市和高度城市化的城市。然而，我们确实发现荷兰城市交通规划范式变化缓慢的迹象，因为旧的政策文件比新的政策文件更关注（汽车）流动性。需要进一步的研究来检验城市交通规划范式转变随时间的演变，以及哪些因素促进了这种范式转变的实现。