The decline of children’s independent mobility (CIM) is now a global concern. This study aims to identify the determinants of the territorial range (TR) of CIM, i.e., the geographical distance between home and places where children are allowed to wander. TR for both discretionary and nondiscretionary trips is studied based on data collected through a questionnaire survey, travel diary, and mapping of travel routes. The study sample was comprised of 151 children 9-14 years of age from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Built environment (BE) data were collected/derived through walkability audits of children’s walking routes and spatial analyses. Children’s TR was regressed by BE, socio-demographics, and perceptual factors. Three multiple regression models were estimated: overall TR, discretionary TR, and nondiscretionary TR. Results showed that children had a longer TR for nondiscretionary trips (664.14 m) compared to discretionary trips (397.9 m). Discretionary TR was largely explained by angular step-depth, street connectivity and the condition of the walking environment of the taken routes. In contrast, angular step-depth, the presence of commercial and retail land uses and the condition of the walking environment were found to be significant predictors of nondiscretionary TR. Children’s perception of social and physical dangers and their satisfaction with tree coverage in the neighborhood also influenced their TR. The findings can inform measures to be taken to expand TR in the urban environment.

中文翻译：

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通过自主和非自主旅行模拟儿童的独立领土范围

儿童独立行动能力（CIM）的下降现在是一个全球关注的问题。本研究旨在确定 CIM 的领土范围 (TR) 的决定因素，即家庭与允许儿童游荡的地方之间的地理距离。根据通过问卷调查、旅行日记和旅行路线图收集的数据，对自由裁量和非自由裁量旅行的 TR 进行了研究。研究样本由来自孟加拉国达卡的 151 名 9-14 岁儿童组成。建筑环境 (BE) 数据是通过对儿童步行路线的可步行性审计和空间分析收集/得出的。BE、社会人口统计学和知觉因素使儿童的 TR 回归。估计了三个多元回归模型：总体 TR、任意 TR 和非任意 TR。结果表明，与自主旅行（397.9 m）相比，儿童在非自主旅行（664.14 m）中的TR更长。可自由支配的 TR 主要由角度步长、街道连通性和所走路线的步行环境条件来解释。相比之下，角度步长、商业和零售用地的存在以及步行环境的条件被发现是非自由裁量 TR 的重要预测因素。儿童对社会和身体危险的看法以及他们对附近树木覆盖的满意度也影响了他们的 TR。这些发现可以为在城市环境中扩大 TR 采取的措施提供信息。街道连通性和所走路线的步行环境状况。相比之下，角度步长、商业和零售用地的存在以及步行环境的条件被发现是非自由裁量 TR 的重要预测因素。儿童对社会和身体危险的看法以及他们对附近树木覆盖的满意度也影响了他们的 TR。这些发现可以为在城市环境中扩大 TR 采取的措施提供信息。街道连通性和所走路线的步行环境状况。相比之下，角度步长、商业和零售用地的存在以及步行环境的条件被发现是非自由裁量 TR 的重要预测因素。儿童对社会和身体危险的看法以及他们对附近树木覆盖的满意度也影响了他们的 TR。这些发现可以为在城市环境中扩大 TR 采取的措施提供信息。儿童对社会和身体危险的看法以及他们对附近树木覆盖的满意度也影响了他们的 TR。这些发现可以为在城市环境中扩大 TR 采取的措施提供信息。儿童对社会和身体危险的看法以及他们对附近树木覆盖的满意度也影响了他们的 TR。这些发现可以为在城市环境中扩大 TR 采取的措施提供信息。