Road traffic is a common source of negative environmental externalities such as noise and air pollution. While existing transport models are capable of accurately representing environmental stressors of road traffic, this is less true for integrated land-use/transport models. So-called land-use-transport-environment models aim to integrate environmental impacts. However, the environmental implications are often analyzed as an output of the model only, even though research suggests that the environment itself can have an impact on land use. The few existing models that actually introduce a feedback between land-use and environment fall back on aggregated zonal values. This paper presents a proof of concept for an integrated, microscopic and agent-based approach for a feedback loop between transport-related noise emissions and land-use. The results show that the microscopic link between the submodels is operational and fine-grained analysis by different types of agents is possible. It is shown that high-income households react differently to noise exposure when compared low-income households. The presented approach opens new possibilities for analyzing and understanding noise abatement policies as well as issues of environmental equity. The methodology can be transferred to include air pollutant emissions in the future.

中文翻译：

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基于代理的综合土地利用/交通模型中的交通噪声反馈

道路交通是噪音和空气污染等负面环境外部性的常见来源。虽然现有的交通模型能够准确地表示道路交通的环境压力源，但对于综合土地利用/交通模型来说，情况就不那么正确了。所谓的土地利用-运输-环境模型旨在整合环境影响。然而，环境影响通常仅作为模型的输出进行分析，尽管研究表明环境本身会对土地利用产生影响。实际上引入土地利用和环境之间的反馈的少数现有模型依赖于聚合的区域值。本文提出了一种基于集成、微观和基于代理的方法的概念证明，用于在与交通相关的噪声排放和土地利用之间建立反馈回路。结果表明，子模型之间的微观联系是可操作的，并且可以通过不同类型的代理进行细粒度分析。结果表明，与低收入家庭相比，高收入家庭对噪声暴露的反应不同。所提出的方法为分析和理解减噪政策以及环境公平问题开辟了新的可能性。该方法可以转移到将来包括空气污染物排放。所提出的方法为分析和理解减噪政策以及环境公平问题开辟了新的可能性。该方法可以转移到将来包括空气污染物排放。所提出的方法为分析和理解减噪政策以及环境公平问题开辟了新的可能性。该方法可以转移到将来包括空气污染物排放。