The relationship between the built environment and walking behavior has been explored extensively. However, little research has been done to either differentiate between walking for transport and walking as activity or that applies urban design tools to walkability improvement based on environment-walking associations. Therefore, this study constructed perceived environment walkability factors to replace unidentified physical environments that varied among individuals and examined their associations with walking to a destination (purposive walking) and walking as activity (discursive walking), using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results suggest that residential density, land-use mix diversity, and pedestrian/traffic safety were associated with purposive walking while aesthetics and crime safety were associated with discursive walking. Land-use mix access and street connectivity were common correlates of both walking patterns. This study also explored how to apply urban design tools, including land-use plans, zoning control, and urban design guidelines, to shape a walkable environment based on the environment-walking associations.

中文翻译：

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感知环境步行性与城市设计策略的有目的性和话语性步行的关联

建筑环境与步行行为之间的关系已被广泛探索。然而，很少有研究来区分步行交通和步行作为活动，或者将城市设计工具应用于基于环境步行关联的步行性改善。因此，本研究构建了感知环境可步行性因素，以取代因个体而异的未知物理环境，并使用因子分析和结构方程建模检查了它们与步行到目的地（有目的的步行）和作为活动的步行（话语步行）的关联。结果表明，住宅密度、土地利用组合多样性、行人/交通安全与有目的的步行有关，而美学和犯罪安全与话语步行有关。土地利用混合通道和街道连通性是两种步行模式的共同相关因素。本研究还探讨了如何应用城市设计工具，包括土地使用规划、分区控制和城市设计指南，以基于环境-步行协会来塑造可步行的环境。