Ongoing advances in technologies of connectivity have strengthened our capacity to envision urban environments less dominated by private car use. Yet many cities remain attached to, and defined by, the automobile. In challenging this status quo, we must understand the complex and varied ways private car use is reinforced in different urban environments. This paper provides such an understanding in the context of a low-density, and currently car-dependent, city. It presents a detailed analysis of the system of automobility to demonstrate the way private-car use is unintentionally perpetuated through contemporary practices of planning, developing and inhabiting cities. A newly constructed suburb in Sydney, Australia, provides the case for analysis. The suburb—Oran Park—is a master-planned estate intentionally designed to encourage alternative transport modes that is rendered ostensibly car-dependent as a result of a confluence of historical and contemporary structural and practical influences. The paper combines a detailed examination of the planning, transport and land-use context of the suburb with survey data from 300 of its residents. The paper’s novel contribution is to analyze these data sources using a social practice approach. The analysis lays bare the inevitability of automobility’s reproduction in the estate—describing the litany of elements that are both infrastructural and cultural and that, in orchestration, reproduce private car use. These elements are deconstructed to inform future challenges to the hegemony of the private car.

中文翻译：

---

汽车的必然性：私家车的使用如何在未开发的住宅区中得以延续

连接技术的不断进步增强了我们设想城市环境不那么由私家车使用主导的能力。然而，许多城市仍然依附于汽车，并由汽车定义。在挑战这种现状时，我们必须了解在不同城市环境中加强私家车使用的复杂多样的方式。本文在低密度且目前依赖汽车的城市的背景下提供了这样的理解。它对汽车系统进行了详细分析，以展示私家车的使用是如何通过当代城市规划、开发和居住实践而无意中延续下来的。澳大利亚悉尼的一个新建郊区提供了分析案例。郊区 - 奥兰公园 - 是一个总体规划的庄园，旨在鼓励替代交通方式，由于历史和当代结构和实际影响的融合，这种方式表面上依赖汽车。该论文结合了对郊区规划、交通和土地使用情况的详细研究以及来自 300 名居民的调查数据。该论文的新颖贡献是使用社会实践方法分析这些数据源。该分析揭示了汽车在庄园中再生产的必然性——描述了基础设施和文化方面的一连串元素，并且在协调过程中再现了私家车的使用。这些元素被解构，以告知未来对私家车霸权的挑战。