ABSTRACT: Salmon lice are a severe problem in salmonid aquaculture and also affect wild salmon smolts migrating through fjord systems in spring. To keep the lice burden within acceptable limits, frequent use of chemical delousing has resulted in the parasite becoming resistant to these treatments. Alternative thermal and mechanical delousing practices induce welfare problems and loss of farmed fish. To avoid losing the constant arms race with the parasite, we need a new approach to the problem. Inspired by the natural host-parasite balance, we propose a change in salmonid aquaculture practices by combining and improving existing management strategies for a more holistic and sustainable vision of the industry. Before salmonids were farmed in open cages, few hosts were available for salmon lice during winter, which reduced the salmon lice populations to a minimum when the wild smolts were migrating to sea. Thus, the natural strategy is to decrease host availability for a sufficient period of time to allow salmon lice nauplii to die of starvation. Due to the long survival and drift of the nauplii, it is important to significantly increase the distance between open farming units, either by organising and aggregating farms in extensive fallowing areas with significant distance to other corresponding areas or by controlling water flow through active production units during extensive fallowing. Here we primarily address environmental interactions. Economic and juridical implications of the proposed strategy are not discussed in detail. However, we do briefly suggest relevant current regulations and possible costs and benefits of reducing delousing treatment intensity.

中文翻译：

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考虑控制海洋网箱养殖中鲑鱼虱侵扰的自然策略要素

摘要：鲑鱼虱是鲑鱼养殖中的一个严重问题，也影响到春季通过峡湾系统迁移的野生鲑鱼。为了将虱子的负担保持在可接受的范围内，频繁使用化学除虱已导致寄生虫对这些治疗产生抗药性。替代的热力和机械除虱方法会导致福利问题和养殖鱼类的损失。为了避免失去与寄生虫的持续军备竞赛，我们需要一种新的方法来解决这个问题。受自然宿主-寄生虫平衡的启发，我们建议通过结合和改进现有的管理策略来改变鲑鱼水产养殖实践，以实现更全面和可持续的行业愿景。在开放式笼养鲑鱼之前，冬季几乎没有鲑鱼虱的宿主，当野生鲑鱼迁徙到海中时，这将鲑鱼虱的数量减少到最低限度。因此，自然策略是在足够长的时间内减少宿主的可用性，以使鲑鱼虱无节幼体死于饥饿。由于无节幼体的长期生存和漂移，重要的是显着增加开放式养殖单元之间的距离，方法是在与其他相应区域有很大距离的广泛休耕区组织和聚集农场，或者通过控制活跃生产单元的水流在大面积休耕期间。在这里，我们主要讨论环境相互作用。没有详细讨论拟议战略的经济和法律影响。然而，