Abstract This article analyzes transformations in Palestinian secularism, specifically in Chicago, Illinois, in response to the weakening of the Palestine Liberation Organization and the emergence of Islamic reformist structures since the late 1980s. Up until then, secular community organizations that aligned with the secular-oriented Palestinian political factions constituted the ideological center of this community. Beginning in the late 1980s, however, a discernible religious shift began to take place. The analysis draws from extensive fieldwork (2010–15) to show how secularism has not disappeared but rather transmuted into new, often hybrid forms whose lack of institutionalization reflect the attenuation of secularist structures and orientations. The weakening of the secularist milieu leaves individuals who have become disenchanted with the religious-sectarian shift (at the time of the fieldwork) with few alternatives for social connection, solidarity, and action. They forge their own idiosyncratic paths as a result.

中文翻译：

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世俗主义和巴勒斯坦芝加哥的宗教转变：对团结和行动主义的影响

摘要 本文分析了巴勒斯坦世俗主义的转变，特别是在伊利诺伊州芝加哥，以应对自 1980 年代后期以来巴勒斯坦解放组织的削弱和伊斯兰改革主义结构的出现。在此之前，与以世俗为导向的巴勒斯坦政治派别结盟的世俗社区组织构成了该社区的意识形态中心。然而，从 1980 年代后期开始，一种明显的宗教转变开始发生。该分析从广泛的实地调查（2010-15）中得出，以表明世俗主义并未消失，而是转变为新的、通常是混合形式，其缺乏制度化反映了世俗主义结构和方向的衰减。世俗主义环境的弱化使那些对宗教-宗派转变（在实地考察时）不再抱有幻想的个人在社会联系、团结和行动方面几乎没有其他选择。结果，他们打造了自己独特的道路。