Plate tectonics caused a revolution within earth sciences which then was transposed into science textbooks. The main objective of this paper is to explore how plate tectonics influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published from the 1960s through the 1980s. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the concept of didactic transposition is used. The didactic transposition of seafloor spreading evidence such as ridges, rifts and trenches, transform faults, seafloor sediments, the age of seafloor basaltic rocks, the magnetic anomalies on the seafloor, the Benioff zones and the subduction process, and also the didactic transposition of the formation of mountains ranges and island arcs, convection currents, plate tectonics concepts, boundaries and motion, and plate tectonics acceptance are studied in a comprehensive sample of science textbooks. The analysis of textbooks shows that the didactic transposition of seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics started mainly in 1970s Portuguese and Spanish textbooks and had a strong development in 1980s textbooks. No major differences were found between the approaches to plate tectonics in similar age Portuguese and Spanish textbooks. At the beginning of the 1970s, textbooks presented partial evidence for seafloor spreading, such as magnetic anomalies and the characteristics of ridges, rifts and trenches. They also addressed convection currents but only those that were related to geosynclines. In the mid 1970s and in the 1980s, textbooks presented more comprehensive evidence of seafloor spreading, by adding didactical transpositions of transform faults, seafloor sediments and the age of seafloor rocks. They also presented in more detail topics such as magnetic anomalies, the Benioff zones, orogenic processes and the tectonic significance of ridges, rifts and trenches. Plate tectonic theory was presented in major textbooks as widely accepted, and discussions about speculative facts or processes were rare.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙和西班牙科学教科书中的板块构造：从 1960 年代到 1980 年代

板块构造引起了地球科学的一场革命，然后被转化为科学教科书。本文的主要目的是探讨板块构造如何影响从 1960 年代到 1980 年代出版的葡萄牙和西班牙科学教科书。为此，使用了一种基于教学换位概念的定性方法。洋脊、裂谷和海沟等海底扩张证据、转换断层、海底沉积物、海底玄武岩年龄、海底磁异常、贝尼奥夫带和俯冲过程等的教学转置，以及山脉和岛弧的形成、对流、板块构造概念、边界和运动，科学教科书的综合样本研究了板块构造接受度。对教科书的分析表明，海底扩张和板块构造学的教学换位主要始于1970年代的葡萄牙语和西班牙语教科书，并在1980年代的教科书中得到了强劲的发展。在类似年代的葡萄牙语和西班牙语教科书中，板块构造方法之间没有发现重大差异。1970 年代初，教科书提供了海底扩张的部分证据，例如磁异常以及海脊、裂谷和海沟的特征。他们还讨论了对流，但仅限于与地槽有关的对流。在 1970 年代中期和 1980 年代，教科书通过添加转换断层的教学转置，提供了更全面的海底扩张证据，海底沉积物和海底岩石的年龄。他们还更详细地介绍了诸如磁异常、贝尼奥夫带、造山过程以及山脊、裂谷和海沟的构造意义等主题。板块构造理论在主要教科书中被广泛接受，关于推测性事实或过程的讨论很少见。