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Somewhere I belong: phylogeny and morphological evolution in a species-rich lineage of ectoparasitic flatworms infecting cichlid fishes
Cladistics ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-30 , DOI: 10.1111/cla.12506
Armando J Cruz-Laufer 1 , Antoine Pariselle 2, 3 , Michiel W P Jorissen 1, 4 , Fidel Muterezi Bukinga 5 , Anwar Al Assadi 6 , Maarten Van Steenberge 7, 8 , Stephan Koblmüller 9 , Christian Sturmbauer 9 , Karen Smeets 1 , Tine Huyse 5, 7 , Tom Artois 1 , Maarten P M Vanhove 1, 7
Affiliation  

A substantial portion of biodiversity has evolved through adaptive radiation. However, the effects of explosive speciation on species interactions remain poorly understood. Metazoan parasites infecting radiating host lineages could improve our knowledge because of their intimate host relationships. Yet limited molecular, phenotypic and ecological data discourage multivariate analyses of evolutionary patterns and encourage the use of discrete characters. Here, we assemble new molecular, morphological and host range data widely inferred from a species-rich lineage of parasites (Cichlidogyrus, Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) infecting cichlid fishes to address data scarcity. We infer a multimarker (28S/18S rDNA, ITS1, COI mtDNA) phylogeny of 58 of 137 species and characterize major lineages through synapomorphies inferred from mapping morphological characters. We predict the phylogenetic position of species without DNA data through shared character states, a morphological phylogenetic analysis, and a classification analysis with support vector machines. Based on these predictions and a cluster analysis, we assess the systematic informativeness of continuous characters, search for continuous equivalents for discrete characters, and suggest new characters for morphological traits not analysed to date. We also model the attachment/reproductive organ and host range evolution using the data for 136 of 137 described species and multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs). We show that discrete characters not only can mask phylogenetic signals, but also are key for characterizing species groups. Regarding the attachment organ morphology, a divergent evolutionary regime for at least one lineage was detected and a limited morphological variation indicates host and environmental parameters affecting its evolution. However, moderate success in predicting phylogenetic positions, and a low systematic informativeness and high multicollinearity of morphological characters call for a revaluation of characters included in species characterizations.

中文翻译:

我所属的某个地方:感染慈鲷的外寄生扁虫的物种丰富谱系的系统发育和形态进化

生物多样性的很大一部分是通过适应性辐射进化而来的。然而,爆炸性物种形成对物种相互作用的影响仍然知之甚少。感染辐射宿主谱系的后生动物寄生虫可以提高我们的知识,因为它们与宿主关系密切。然而,有限的分子、表型和生态数据阻碍了对进化模式的多变量分析,并鼓励使用离散特征。在这里,我们收集了从物种丰富的寄生虫谱系(Cichlidogyrus )广泛推断的新的分子、形态和宿主范围数据。, Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) 感染慈鲷,以解决数据稀缺问题。我们推断了 137 个物种中的 58 个的多标志物(28S/18S rDNA、ITS1、COI mtDNA)系统发育,并通过从映射形态特征推断的突触形态来表征主要谱系。我们通过共享特征状态、形态系统发育分析和支持向量机的分类分析来预测没有 DNA 数据的物种的系统发育位置。基于这些预测和聚类分析,我们评估了连续性状的系统信息性,寻找离散性状的连续等效物,并为迄今为止未分析的形态特征提出新的性状。我们还使用 137 个描述物种中的 136 个的数据和多变量系统发育比较方法 (PCM) 对附着/生殖器官和宿主范围进化进行建模。我们表明,离散特征不仅可以掩盖系统发育信号,而且是表征物种群的关键。关于附着器官形态,检测到至少一个谱系的不同进化机制,有限的形态变化表明宿主和环境参数影响其进化。然而,在预测系统发育位置方面取得了一定的成功,以及形态特征的系统信息量低和高度多重共线性要求重新评估物种表征中包含的特征。我们表明,离散特征不仅可以掩盖系统发育信号,而且是表征物种群的关键。关于附着器官形态,检测到至少一个谱系的不同进化机制,有限的形态变化表明宿主和环境参数影响其进化。然而,在预测系统发育位置方面取得了一定的成功,以及形态特征的系统信息量低和高度多重共线性要求重新评估物种表征中包含的特征。我们表明,离散特征不仅可以掩盖系统发育信号,而且是表征物种群的关键。关于附着器官形态,检测到至少一个谱系的不同进化机制,有限的形态变化表明宿主和环境参数影响其进化。然而,在预测系统发育位置方面取得了一定的成功,以及形态特征的系统信息量低和高度多重共线性要求重新评估物种表征中包含的特征。
更新日期:2022-04-30
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