The literature on common-pool resources (CPRs) has mostly focused on institutional conditions for successful governance of the commons. However, many scholars have emphasized that the explanatory power of institutional variables per se is limited and that institutions should not be isolated from the context in which they operate. Consequently, the success of CPR governance requires a more nuanced understanding of specific combinations of institutions in a specific social-ecological context. Using community-based irrigation systems as an example, this paper examines how combinations of institutions and contexts affect irrigation governance based on a qualitative systematic review of 83 English language peer-reviewed articles published since 1990. The review firstly summarizes the basic characteristics, main research subjects, and development trends in the literature on community-based irrigation governance. Then, revealing the specific effects of major combinations of institutional variables and contextual variables on the performance of irrigation governance, the review suggests that (a) the congruence of institutional arrangements with attributes of actors (e.g., group size, group heterogeneity, and social capital), (b) the specific combination of institutions and contexts of resource system and related ecosystems (e.g., hydrology, soil, and agriculture), and (c) the market incentives (e.g., irrigation systems’ spatial proximity to markets) associating with formal governance organizations, are important for improving irrigation governance performance. The main findings not only reveal existing gaps in understanding how institutions and contexts interact in community-based irrigation governance, but also indicate potential pathways to theoretical construction in complex CPR systems by further exploring the relationships between institutions and the contexts in which they operate.

中文翻译：

---

在基于社区的灌溉治理中将机构与当地环境相结合：对变量、组合和效果的定性系统评价

关于公用池资源 (CPR) 的文献主要关注公地成功治理的制度条件。然而，许多学者强调制度变量本身的解释力是有限的，制度不应脱离其运作的环境。因此，CPR 治理的成功需要对特定社会生态背景下的特定制度组合有更细致的理解。本文以社区灌溉系统为例，通过对自 1990 年以来发表的 83 篇英文同行评议文章的定性系统评价，考察制度和背景的组合如何影响灌溉治理。该评价首先总结了基本特征、主要研究科目，以社区为基础的灌溉治理文献的发展趋势。然后，揭示制度变量和背景变量的主要组合对灌溉治理绩效的具体影响，审查表明（a）制度安排与行为者属性（例如，群体规模、群体异质性和社会资本）的一致性)，(b) 资源系统和相关生态系统（例如，水文、土壤和农业）的制度和背景的具体组合，以及 (c) 与正式相关的市场激励（例如，灌溉系统在空间上接近市场）治理组织对于提高灌溉治理绩效很重要。