This study aims to comparatively analyse cases involving Galician common lands (MVMC) in Spain and the Extractive Reserves (RESEX) in Brazil, from the new perspective of community resilience in sustainable rural development. We studied the role of the state in legal transformations regarding land use and management to understand changes in access to and use of common resources, as well as to describe how relationships are established among user groups. The results are based on the analysis of 55 semistructured interviews with people from seven communities with common lands in Spain and information gathered through Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques and interviews at the Riozinho da Liberdade Extractive Reserve in Acre (Brazil). Field work for the study was done in May 2013, April to June 2014 and February 2015. The research uncovers the frailties and strengths of the main management patterns in each reality. The two cases are marked by strong state intervention to regulate conditions of use and the implementation of management models in these areas. In both, the perceived economic importance of natural resources as a source of revenue was also a common point, though tenure of these resources became effective in different ways. The importance of ensuring access to land as a way of maintaining the freedom and autonomy of the user group was also prominent in both cases and should be seen as a crucial factor for economic and social development. Finally, the normative and practical arrangements found in MVMCs and RESEX areas present a good strategy for rural development based on relationships among user groups and shared land management organization patterns. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Ana Isabel García-Arias University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain anaisabel.garcia@usc.es

中文翻译：

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集体管理中的对称性和不对称性：比较加利西亚公共土地和巴西采掘储量对复原力和农村发展的影响

本研究旨在从可持续农村发展中社区复原力的新视角，对涉及西班牙加利西亚公共土地 (MVMC) 和巴西采掘保护区 (RESEX) 的案例进行比较分析。我们研究了国家在土地使用和管理方面的法律转型中的作用，以了解获取和使用公共资源的变化，以及描述如何在用户群体之间建立关系。结果基于对来自西班牙七个拥有共同土地的社区的人进行的 55 次半结构化访谈的分析，以及通过快速农村评估 (RRA) 技术收集的信息以及在阿克里 (巴西) 的 Riozinho da Liberdade 采掘保护区的访谈。该研究的实地工作于 2013 年 5 月、2014 年 4 月至 6 月和 2015 年 2 月完成。该研究揭示了每个现实中主要管理模式的弱点和优势。这两个案例的特点是国家大力干预以规范这些地区的使用条件和管理模式的实施。在两者中，自然资源作为收入来源的经济重要性也是一个共同点，尽管这些资源的保有权以不同的方式变得有效。在这两种情况下，确保获得土地作为维护用户群体的自由和自治的一种方式的重要性也很突出，应该被视为经济和社会发展的关键因素。最后，在 MVMC 和 RESEX 地区发现的规范和实际安排为基于用户群体之间的关系和共享的土地管理组织模式的农村发展提供了良好的战略。